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purpose有关。)
注意：在语义上相当于一个简单动词的短语动词中的介词不能前置，只能用在动词后。
This is a phase of history which it is sad to look back on. The baby whom she is taking care of is very lovely indeed. 口语中要避免这种结构，关系代词which往往省略。 There’s a limit (which) nobody should go beyond. That’s something (which) they can never put up with. 30.分隔型定语从句
一般情况下，定语从句紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，但有时由于修辞和语法的需要，定语从句与它所修饰的先行词分开，这就是分隔型定语从句。它有以下几种情况。 （1）先行词+介词短语+定语从句
He is the only friend of mine who is not interested in music. That was the most important day in my life that I can remember. (2)先行词+主动态动词+定语从句
He laughs best who laughs last.(谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。) The day will come when you will be proud of me. （3）先行词+分词短语+定语从句
There is someone waiting for you outside who says he must see you personally.
There are few places left on earth where man hasn’t put his foot.(4)先行
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词+定语从句
He is one of those people I know who do not care about money at all. That is the only film I’ve ever seen which uses that technique. 31.分隔型同位语从句
和定语从句一样，同位语从句一般紧接与之对应的名词，但有时也可分开。
The suggestion was made that they should be packed off at once in a special train.
Within a week or two he received a letter from the university that he had been accepted. Both,Either,Neither 32.both
表示一个和另一个两者都……，用复数动词。 Both sides of the street are decorated with colourful lights. She has two brothers,Both work in the city.
both...and 连接同类的语法结构（名词、动词、形容词、介词短语等），表示强调。
He has both the knowledge and capability to do this job. Both she and her husband were very pleased with the girl. 33.either
(1)表示两者中的任何一个，用单数动词。 You may take either of the roads to get there.
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He could write with either hand. (2)表示两边。
You can see a lot of trees on either side of the street.
Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on either side.
(3)作副词，表示也，用于否定句。
A little bit of exercise won’t do you any harm,either. He didn’t go to the meeting and she didn’t turn up,either.
(4)和or连用，连接相同的语法结构，表示或是……或是，不是……就是，既……又，既不……又不，它所带的动词在数上与or后面的名词或代词保持一致。
Either you or Dick is responsible for it.
Either he or his brothers have to clean the room. 34.neither
(1)作代词，表示两者都不……，后面的动词多用单数形式。 Neither of the books is of any help to me. If you run after two hares,you’ll catch neither.
(2)作副词，表示也不。用于句首，句子的主语与谓语必须倒装。 —I have never been here before. —Neither have I.
He cannot speak English,and neither can he read it.
(3)与nor连用，连接相同的语法结构，表示既不……也不。它所带的
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动词在数上与nor后面的名词或代词保持一致。 Neither his friends nor he knows anything about it. I’m afraid I have neither the time nor the money to help you. Negation 35.否定词
英语中的否定结构多以否定词来表示，常用的否定词有：not,no,never,none,nothing,nobody,nowhere,neither,nor,还有表示近似否定的hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,rarely,little,few等。 No one has any doubt about his ability. None of the candidates has arrived yet. I shall never forget your kindness.
I seldom get any sleep after the baby wakes up.
He has hardly spoken to anyone who disagrees with him on this point. Mr. Smith had barely started speaking when he was interrupted. 注意：否定词若放在句首时，句子的主谓要倒装。 Not for one moment did he stop working. Little do I know about the city.
但否定的名词词组作主语并放在句首时，不能倒装。 Not all of the passengers escaped unhurt.
Not a single man was killed,and only three wounded. 36.否定结构
否定结构在英语中是一个常用的结构，它有几种常用的形式。
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（1）一般否定。在这种结构中，not用以否定全句的意义。 This is not the right thing to do.
If you are not moving ahead,you are falling behind.
(2)部分否定。否定词not不否定全句，仅否定句中的某一部分。 What he wants is not sympathy but trust. Don’t be afraid.I am your friend,not your enemy.
(3)转移否定。believe,suppose,think后面所带的that从句若是否定从句时，其否定词移到主句动词前。
I don’t believe (that) you two have met,have you? I don’t suppose(that) anyone will object to my absence.
(4)接续否定。这种结构指的是在同一句子中重复使用同一否定词，以加强语气。
Although autumn was well advanced,not a leaf had fallen from the trees,not even one.
I can’t go on moving,not even(for)one inch. 也可用不同的否定词。
No nation can afford to offend its allies,not even the United States. (5)转换否定。英语中有不少形式上像肯定而实际上表示否定意义的句子。同样，也有不少形式上像否定而实际表示肯定意义的句子。 Catch me doing that again!(我决不再犯了！) He is the last person to tell a lie.(他不可能说谎。)
That’s the last thing I should expect him to do.(他不可能做那样的事。)
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名师串讲自考英语（二）（珍藏版）
