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名师串讲综合英语（二）(珍藏版)
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Grammar & Usage
SubjectVerb Agreement(Ⅰ) 1.主谓一致的三条原则
（1）语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。 Human beings enjoy learning.
Everybody’s understanding is incomplete. (2)意义一致，即根据意义来处理一致关系。
The people there are fighting for the independence of their country. Ten dollars was a lot of money at that time.
（3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 There is a pen,two pencils and an eraser in the pencil box. Neither the boy nor his teachers know the answer. 2.集体名词作主语时与动词的一致
(1)当主语为furniture,equipment,machinery等词时，谓语动词通常用单数。
The furniture in that shop is all made in China. Office equipment is very expensive nowadays.
(2)集体名词如people,cattle,police,poultry等往往作复数用。 Some people drive madly in this country.
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Many cattle have died because of the flood.
(3)family,government,class,committee,audience,team,public等词被视作一个整体时，其后的动词用单数；被视为构成整体的个体时，其后的动词则为复数。 His family is a happy one.
His family are all interested in stampcollecting 3.并列主语与动词的一致
（1）当“名词+名词”表示一种事物时，用单数形式。 Bacon and eggs is a very popular British breakfast.
(2)当主语是由and,both...and连接的并列结构时，如果主语所指的不是一种事物，动词则用复数形式。 Jack and Mary are in love with each other. Both Tom and John are absent today.
(3)在由or 或 nor 连接的并列结构中，动词单、复数形式一般与or 或 nor 后面的名词或代词保持一致。 He or his brothers are to blame for this. Neither she nor you are mistaken.
(4)not only...but also 连接的结构作主语时，动词的单、复数形式依据 but also 后的名词或代词。
Not only Fred but also his parents love this small pet dog. Not only the boys but also their mother is very ill. SubjectVerb Agreement(Ⅱ)
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4.带确定数量词的名词词组作主语时的主谓一致
(1)当主语是表示数目、时间、重量、距离等的复数名词时，如果该名词所表示的数量看作一个整体，其后的动词用单数。 Four years is too long for me to wait. Sixty miles is a short run in a car.
(2)当主语是表示数目、时间、重量、距离等的复数名词时，如该名词所表示的数量看作单个个体，其后的动词用复数。 The past three weeks were the hardest time in his life. Hundreds of buildings were put up in the city last year.
(3)当主语为“分数或百分数+of+名词”时，其后的动词形式依照of后名词的单复数形式来定。
Thirty percent of the oil in that country is imported. Ten percent of the eggs have gone bad.
（4）当主语为sheep,fish,deer,aircraft,means,steelworks等单数与复数同形的词时，动词的形式以名词单、复数意义为准。 Three aircraft are reported missing. Ten fish have been caught today. 5.all的主谓一致
（1）代词all表示可数的人或物时，其后的动词用复数形式。 All were hungry and desperate(渴望)for food. All who have seen the film love it.
(2)代词all表示不可数的名词时，其后的动词用单数。
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All is going well.(一切顺利。) All is quiet in the middle of the night.
(3)形容词all+可数名词时，其后的动词用复数形式。 All roads lead to Rome.(条条道路通罗马。) All things are difficult when we begin to do them. (4)形容词all+不可数名词时，其后的动词用单数形式。 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
Not all food is good to eat.6.带none的词组作主语时，其后面的动词单数或复数形式都可用。
None of you have / has had my experience. None of the hotels are / is ready for guests yet.
NounPronoun Agreement NounPossessive Case Agreement
7.名词与代词和名词所有格的一致
一般来说，代词和名词所有格对名词的指代在数的形式上是一致的。 The two sisters have their own different toys.
The men are discussing their opinions at the meeting.当名词为audience,class,committee,enemy,family,faculty,gang,government,jury,media,public,staff,team等既可视为整体名词又可视为个体名词的集体名词时，则要根据它们在句中的意思来确定代词和所有格的形式。
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The public demanded that the government account for its new economic policy.
The government had discussed this problem for a long time but they had shown no sign of agreement. 8.不定代词的一致问题 one,everyone,everybody,no
one,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody等作主语时，在正式的文体中其相应的代词一般用him,所有格用his，也有人用him or her和his or her，但是这种用法显得累赘。 Everybody must finish his homework by tomorrow. Nobody in that position will give his opinion right away.
注意：one作主语时，其相应的代词也可以是one，所有格可以是one’s。 One has to be careful about what one says before children.
在非正式文体中，也可根据意义，用复数代词。而且，由于him和his有语言性别歧视之嫌，虽然谓语动词仍用单数形式，现在人们普遍用复数代词。
No one has handed in their paper yet. Everyone has given their opinion on the issue.
但everything,anything,something,nothing作主语时，其相应的代词要用单数形式。
Something has gone wrong,hasn’t it? Tag Questions
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名师串讲自考英语（二）（珍藏版）
