英文介绍中医

由天下分享时间：2025/1/21 8:13:04 加入收藏我要投稿点赞

over the body.

circulating outside but leaning

Wei against the meridians, vaporized Qi(Defensive to the diaphragm and scattered in Qi the chest, travelling between the

skin and flesh. Special phrases

行于脉外，上行至膈，散于胸中，周行肌表。

卫气

特殊短语

As the saying goes, As=in the way that，as the

或云；相传

story goes/runs as the matter stands as the case may be as things are as things run

照目前情形依照情况照此情况

照通常顺序、情形、性质等

血、津液－人体生命活动的物质基础

Blood, circulating in the vessels, is a 血液行于脉red liquid substance rich in nutrients. It is one 管之中，是一种富含营养of the indispensable substances that constitute 的红色液体物质。它是构the human body and maintain its life activities. 成人体和维持生命活动不Blood originates from cereal essence transformed 可缺少的物质。血源于脾by the spleen and stomach, and has the functions 胃化生的水谷精微，具有of nourishing and moistening the whole body. 营养和滋润全身的功能。 Nutritive qi and body fluid are thought of as 营气和津液the material basis of blood formation. As both of 被认为是形成血液的物质them derive from cereal essence, the quality of 基础。因为它们都来自水the food intake and the conditions of the spleen 谷精微，所以摄入饮食的and the stomach are bound to have a direct bearing 质量和脾胃的状态与血液on blood formation. Either a long-term 的形成直接相关。无论是malnutrition or a lasting hypofunction of the 长期的营养不良或脾胃损spleen and stomach may cause insufficient blood 伤都会使血液产生不足，formation, resulting in blood deficiency. That's 导致血虚。这就是为什么why TCM states\Reinforcing the spleen and the 中医认为“补脾肾，血自stomach enables blood to develop spontaneously.\生”。 Normal blood circulation comes of the 正常的血液循行joint action of the heart, the lung, the spleen 来自于心、肺、脾和肝的and the liver. The heart-qi is the fundamental 共同作用。心气是推动血motive power to propel blood circulation. The 液循行的原动力。肺主司lung is in charge of qi of the whole body and, 一身之气，因此，与宗气therefore, has an important bearing on the 的形成有重要的关系。当formation of zong qi. When zong qi gets in the 宗气注入心经便可以促进heart meridian, it may promote the movement of qi 气血的运行。脾使血液流and blood. The spleen may keep blood flowing 于脉管之中，防止其外溢。

BLOOD AND BODY FLUID-THE MATERIAL BASIS OF LIFE ACTIVITIES

within the vessels and prevent it from 肝除了有储藏血液的功能extravasating. And the liver, besides its 外，还可以调节血量，维function of storing blood, adjusts the volume of 持气血的正常运行。如以blood flow and maintain the normal flow of qi and 上所说的任何一脏不能正blood. In case any one of the above organs fails 常行使其功能的话，就会to work properly, abnormal blood circulation is 发生异常的血液循行。例certain to occur. The heart-qi deficiency, for 如，心气不足可以导致心instance, may lead to heart-blood stagnation. The 血凝滞；脾气不足无法收spleen-qi deficiency fails to control blood, 摄血液导致出血等；肝气leading to bleeding, etc. The disturbance of qi 不调、血液循行紊乱则会flow of the liver and blood circulation may bring 出现血瘀、血肿、女性月about such pathological changes as blood stasis 经不调、痛经、或闭经。 or swelling, abnormal menstruation, dysmenorrhea or amenorrhea in women.

Blood circulates within the vessels, by which it is carried to the zang-fu organs internally and to the skin, muscles, tendons and bones 血在血管中循行，externally. It circulates ceaselessly Like a ring 内至脏腑，外达皮肉筋骨，without end to nourish and moisten all the organs 如环无端，运行不息，营and tissues. In this, normal physiological 养滋润所有脏腑组织。这activities are maintained. Basic Questions 样，正常的生理活动才得says:\The liver with blood is able to ensure 以维持。《素问》云：“肝normal vision. the feet with blood are able to 受血而能视，足受血而能walk. the palms with blood are able to grip 步，掌受血而能握，指受things, the fingers with blood are able to grasp\血而能摄。”对于血和髓、\骨节之间关系的探讨，《灵and the tendons, the bones and the joints, 枢》指出：“血常则髓骨Miraculous Pivot points out:\坚，骨节敏。”故此，足normal, the tendons and the bones are strong and 见人体之感觉、运动均不the joints are nimble.\Thus, it can be seen that 能须臾离开血液提供的营the sensation the the movement of the body never 养。 for a moment deviate from the nutrients provided by blood.

Blood is also the material basis of mental 血液也是精神活activities. Sound mental activity results from 动的物质基础。健全的精normal circulation and a sufficient supply of 神活动来自于正常的血液blood. So any blood trouble, whatever the causes 循行及充足的血液供应。maybe, will bring about symptoms of mental 所以不论什么原因导致的activities varying in degrees. Basic Questions 血液问题都会引起不同程advises people: \Qi and blood are the foundation 度上的精神症状。《素问》for human mental activities and have to be nursed 建议：“气血者，人之神，with caution.\不可不慎养。”《灵枢》\则提醒我们：“血脉安，spirit.\精神乃治。”这些著名的

relationship between blood and mental 鉴言都体现了血和精神活activities. Deficiency of blood, therefore, will 动之间的密切关系。因此，cause mental disorder. For example, heart-blood 血虚会导致精神错乱。例or liver-blood deficiency will lead to such 如，心血或肝血不足会导symptoms as palpitation, insomnia and 致心悸、失眠和多梦的症dreaminess. 状。 Body fluid is called jinye in TCM, including 体液在中医称为all kinds of fluids in the organs and tissues and 津液，包括存在于脏腑组their secretions, such as gastricjuice, 织和它们之间间隙的各种intestinal juice, nasal discharge, tears, sweat, 液体如胆汁、肠液、鼻涕、urine and so on. Just like qi and blood, body fluid 眼泪、汗液、尿液等等。is also one of the essential substances 与气血一样，津液也是构constituting the human body and maintaining its 成人体和维持生命活动的life 必要物质之一。 jin and ye are always mentioned in the same 津与液总是相提breath because of the fact that, for one thing, 并论，因为一方面，它们both of them derive from food and water 都来源于脾胃化生的水谷transported and transformed by the spleen and 精微；另一方面是由于它stomach. and for another, they can transform into 们可以互相转化。但是，each other. But they are actually different in 实际上它们在稀薄、性状、thickness, property, function and distribution. 功能和分布上是不同的。By and large, jin is the fluid which is clear and 总的来说，津是一种清、thin and flows easily. It is distributed in the 稀、易于流动的液体。它skin, muscles and orifices, furthermore, it 分布于肌肤官窍，可以进permeates the blood vessels to keep them 一步渗透到脉管使其保持moistened. Ye, on the contrary, is thick fluid 湿润。相反，液是一种质with flowing less easily. It is distributed in the 稠、不易流动的液体。它joints, brain, marrow and internal organs to 分布于关节、脑髓和内脏，nourish them. Jin and ye may transform into each 使其得到滋养。津和液可other. These two fluids are hard to be separated 以互相转化。这两种液体completely and, for this reason, they are jointly 很难完全区分，因此，它referred to as \们合称“津液”。在津或the impairment of jin or exhaustion of ye, the two 液的枯竭上，两种必须辨must be identified in TDS. 证的区分。 The formation, distribution and excretion of 津液的形成、分布body fluid are the complex physiological process 和排泄是一个由许多脏腑in which they are accomplished by the joint action 组织共同完成的复杂过of many organs. As is pointed out in Basic 程。正如《素问》所指出Questions : \After food and drink enter the 的：“饮入于胃，游溢精stomach, they are digested and transformed into 气，上输于脾，脾气散精，food essence and then, transmitted upward to the 上归于肺，通调水道，下spleen, which disperses the essence upward to the 输膀胱，水精四布，五经lung and the lung regulates water pathways 并行。”这段描述提示了：

downward to the urinary bladder. And by doing so （1）津液由胃中消化吸body fluid is finally disseminated to all parts 收、小肠进行分清别浊、of the body along all the meridians and 脾运化的水谷中形成。（2）collaterals. \This description suggests that, 1) 津液的分布和排泄由许多body fluid is formed from food and water by 脏腑组织共同完成，如脾digestion and absorption of the stomach, 的运化功能、肺的宣发肃separating the clarity from the turbidity of the 降功能、肾的蒸发沉降功small intestine and tramformation of the spleen; 能。（3）津液以三焦为通2) the distribution and excretion of body fluid 道进行分布和排泄。 are accomplished by the joint action of many zang-fu organ, such as the transforming function of the spleen, the dispersing and descending function of the lung, the steaming and ascending function of the kidney; and 3) body fluid takes triple energizer as its passageway for distribution and excretion.

Body fluid bears two physiological functions:

津液有两种生理

moistening and nourishing：body fluid distributed

功能：滋润和营养。津液

to the body surface moistens and nourishes the

分布于肌表滋养肌肤毛

muscles and skin with hairs; body fluid permeated

发；渗透于体窍滋润和保

through the body orifices moistens and protects

护眼、鼻、嘴和其它官窍；

the eyes, nose，mouth and other openings; body

津液渗透至脉管起到营养