Difficult sentences Unit 2
1.Short airport connections can be a blessing, but only if you actually make your flight. 能够在短时间内顺利转机当然是非常幸运的事，但前提是你能赶上你的航班。 2.If you know you’re facing a tight connection and you’ve booked your flight in advance, reserve a aisle seat toward the front of the plane.
如果你已经提前订好了航班，并且知道转机行程紧张，那就定个机舱前部靠走道的座位。 3.If checking in at the ticket counter doesn’t get you a seat toward the front, plead your case on the plane. Flight attendants tend to be more sympathetic about missed connections and will often make a concerted effort to help you avoid one.
如果到柜台办理登机没能订到靠前的座位，可在登机后提出请求。乘务员往往会比较同情误机的情况，他们常常会帮你协调以避免误机。 4.Look for the airport’s baggage carousels if you’ve checked a bag. And if this connecting airport is your first entry point on an international trip, map out customs and immigration areas as well. 如果你托运了行李就要确定机场行李传送带的位置。如果这个转乘机场是你此次国际旅程的第一站，那么还要在地图上找出海关和入境的位置。
5.Options for safely sleeping at the airport are only as limited as your imagination.
在机场安全过夜的办法有很多，只看你想不想得到罢了。
6.As a rule of thumb, on domestic routes, you need a minimum of 45 minutes between flights. That’s because you don’t have to go through security, customs, and immigration.
一般来说，在国内航线上航班之间至少需要45分钟的中转时间，因为你不必经过安检、海关和入境检查。
7.Before booking, verify that you’ll have a layover at least 2 hours in order to go through the obligatory airport transactions. Give yourself even more time if you’ve checked a bag that needs to be rechecked post customs.
订票之前，要确保你至少有两个小时的逗留时间来通过必要的转机手续。如果过了海关后包裹还需重新托运，你就需要留出更多的时间。
8.Missing a connecting flight is easier than you think. Gate doors typically close 10 to 30 minutes prior to a flight’s scheduled departure. Once closed, the airplane door won’t open to board a late passenger.
错过转乘航班比你想象的更加容易。登机口通常在航班的预定起飞时间的前10到30分钟关闭。一旦关上，机舱门不会再为迟到的乘客打开。
9.If the flight has already taken off without you or you know you won’t make it to the gate on time, get on the phone with the airline immediately. They should reschedule you on the next flight at no cost if the connection time was unreasonably brief.
如果你还未登机飞机就起飞了或者你知道你已经无法按时赶到登机口了，立刻给航空公司打电话。如果转机完全来不及了，他们就应该免费为你安排下一班飞机。 10.If checking in at the ticket counter doesn’t get you a seat toward the front, plead your case on the plane. Flight attendants tend to be more sympathetic about missed connections and will often make a concerted effort to help you avoid one. 如果到售票台办理登机手续都没能订到靠前的座位，可在登机后提出请求。乘务员往往会比较同情错失转机的情况，他们常常会同心协力帮助你避免。
Unit 3
1. They then use those deposits and borrowed funds (liabilities of the bank) to make loans or to purchase securities (assets of the bank). Banks make these loans to businesses, other financial institutions, individuals, and governments (that need the funds for investments or other purposes). Interest rates provide the price signals for borrowers, lenders, and banks.
译文：然后，他们利用这些存款和借入的资金（银行的负债）来发放贷款或购买证券（银行资产）。银行贷款给企业、其它金融机构、个人、政府（他们需要资金用于投资或其他用途）。利率给借款人、贷款人和银行三方提供价格信号。
2. Generally, the value of security or collateral is equal to the amount of loan. This is done mainly with a view to recover the loan money by selling the security in the event of non-refund of the loan.
译文：一般来说，抵押品的价值等于贷款的数额。这主要是为了在收不回贷款的情况下，可以通过出售担保品来收回贷出的资金。
3. Also, banks advance loans to its customers up to a certain amount through overdrafts, if there are no deposits in the current account. For this, banks demand a security from the customers and charge very high rate of interest.
译文：此外，银行还将贷款发放给活期账户中没有存款的客户，贷款额度由透支额度决定。银行要求客户为此提供担保品并收取高额利息。
4. A banknote (often known as a bill paper money or simply a note) is a type of negotiable instrument known as a promissory note, made by a bank, payable to the bearer on demand. 译文：银票（通常称为纸币或钞票）是一种可流通票据，是银行发行的一种期票，见票即付。
Unit 4
1. If you don’t have an overseas rental experience, like many firsts in life, your first rental lease can be a super demanding task.
译文：如果你没有过在国外租房的经历，就像人生中的许多第一次一样，签署第一份租约可能是一项非常费力的任务。
2.The best way to get a feel for an area is to visit and have a wander around on foot. If you’re not sure where to start, your first goal should be to nail down your destination and the approximate timing of your trip.
译文：了解一个地方最好的办法是亲自到其周边走访一下。如果你不知道从哪里开始，你的第一个目标是确定目的地以及大概的时间安排。
3. Whether you are dealing with an agent or a landlord, it’s important to remember you hold the upper hand.
译文：无论和中介还是和房东讨价还价，记住你是占优势的一方是很重要的。
4. It's unlikely most people will end up with a celebrity housemate, good or bad, but little things can make the difference between harmony and torment.
译文：大多数人不太可能总是碰到明星室友（受欢迎的好室友），因为一件小事有可能使室友关系变和谐也有可能使室友关系变紧张(产生和谐和痛苦的区别)，无论是好事还是坏事。 5. Being a tenant who doesn’t pay on time is the best way to ensure your landlord or agent won’t go out of their way to help you.
译文：成为一个不按时付房租的人, 是让你的房东或中介不给你提供帮助的最好方法。/按时交房租是保证你的房东不遗余力帮助你的最好办法。
6. Keep in mind that the costs involved in air conditioning or heating can be sizable, so be sure
to factor those into your budget if the owner has not already included them in the rent. 译文：记住，空调和取暖的费用是相当高的，如果房主没有把它算在房租里面，你要记得把这些列入到你的预算里面。
7. To ensure that any existing damage is documented and that you aren’t blamed for something you haven’t done, photograph and/or video tape the property on the day you arrive.
译文：为了保证任何现存的损伤都有案可查以及保证你不必为你未做的事情负责，第一天来的时候，就拍下或录下房子里的一切。
Unit 8
1. It is especially important to check special terms and conditions of a particular procurement against your jurisdiction’s standard terms and conditions to ensure there are no conflicting provisions.
将某专项采购的专用条款与贵方管辖范围内的标准条款进行对比检查尤为重要，以保证他们之间没有冲突。
2. Although technical language emphasizes precision and efficiency of communication, a side effect of this is obvious, that is, a higher threshold for comprehensibility will give obstacles to those who are not quite familiar with this kind of language.
虽然技术性语言强调交流的精确和有效性，但负面作用也是很明显的，那就是，给不熟悉这种语言的人造成了障碍，使理解门槛提高了。
3. Issue your IFB when the potential for competition and lower prices is the greatest, and give vendors sufficient time to prepare bids.
当潜在竞争最激烈，并且潜在价格最低时，发布招标邀请，同时给供应商足够多的时间准备投标。
4.Provide sufficiently detailed specifications to ensure that you will get what you want at a fair price, while omitting unnecessary details that unduly limit competition.
提供非常详细的说明，确保你能以合理价格获得你想要的，然而，省略那些过于制约竞争的不必要的细节。
Unit 9
1. Good bid preparation requires a lot of time and effort and involves everything from reading and fully understanding the plans and specifications to accurately estimating costs for labor, materials and equipment.
做好投标准备工作需要大量的时间和精力，包括阅读和全面了解工程的计划和具体规划, 准确估算劳动力、材料和设备的成本。
2. Once you start crunching the numbers and you realize that your company won’t make a reasonable profit if you were to win the contract, the best thing to do is dump it and move on to the next project.
一旦你们开始进行大量的数据运算后发现：如果做这个项目，你的公司不能获取合理的利润，最好要做的事是放弃它，去准备下一个项目。
3. Having a good understanding of the existing site conditions can eliminate problems down the line if you were awarded a project. Unique site conditions like limited accessibility or a location that would require additional costs on items like transportation, equipment, material storage and labor could exist.
如果工程项目中标了，对现存的情况进行全面的了解可以彻底地根除一些问题。可能
存在特殊的情况，比如交通不便或者位置不好，这需要付出额外的运输、设备、材料存储以及人工成本。
5. If you are using bid software or a calculator, errors can typically be attributed to not inputting your numbers correctly. If you are using a spreadsheet like Excel to calculate costs, check that your formulas are correct. Always double-check your math to make sure that all you numbers and calculations are correct.
如果你使用投标软件或计算器，输错数字通常会导致结果错误。如果你使用Excel之类的电子数据表计算成本，要检查你使用的公式是否正确，通常还要复核你的运算过程以保证所有的数字和计算结果都是正确的。
6.It is important to understand what, if any, wage rates apply to the project you are bidding in order to incorporate those rates into calculating your labor costs. 重要的是，如果有的话，要清楚什么工资标准适用于你正在投标的项目以便于把它并入劳动力成本估算。
7.Even if your company owns all the equipment needed you need to make sure that it isn’t already allocated for use at another jobsite and that no major maintenance or repairs are scheduled that would take the equipment offline for an extended amount of time.
即使你的公司拥有需要的所有设备，你也需要确保该设备没有被分配到其他工地使用，并且没有重大维修计划，这些情况会占用设备而使工期延长。
8.A good way to ensure that you have all the required paperwork for your bid is to use a checklist as you prepare your bid and then go back and double-check to make sure that everything is included.
有一个好方法可以保证你能为投标准备好所有必须的文件：在做投标准备时使用清单，然后回头核对清单并再次检查，确保包括了所需要的一切文件。
9.At a minimum, you should get bids from at least three different companies for each trade you will need to subcontract out work for to ensure you are getting competitive prices.
如果你有生意需要分包出去，那最低限度要有三个不同公司来投标，你才能确保可以获得有竞争力的价格。
Unit 10
1.Beyond all doubt, any overseas engineering project, generally linked to the construction and maintenance of local infrastructure, surely will draw particular attention of different organizations from the local government ，the local enterprises, the diplomats, the native residents and the native press to the domestic government and the top mangement of the company. 译文：毋庸置疑，任何一个与当地基础设施紧密相关的建筑及维护工程项目肯定会引起当地政府、当地企业、外交官、本地居民和媒体、国内政府以及公司上层管理部门等各级组织的特别关注。
2.Tip one: Remain calm
Your first reaction might be panic, but don’t, no matter who you are going to cope with! It is ok to be nervous, but remember that you can always be tested and honored by any inspections with fully-prepared management or consultants. It’s a good idea to conduct internal inspection on a routine basis and to have various members of the sites’ team participate so that they understand what may be expected of them during a real inspection. Another knack to keep calm is to dress properly, speak appropriately and answer questions directly.
一：保持冷静
你的第一反应可能是恐慌，但不要惊慌，不管你要对付谁！紧张是可以的，但请记住，任何做好了充分准备的管理者或顾问的都可能考验你，也会尊重你。进行例行的内部检查是个不错的主意，让工地团队各部门的员工都参与进来。这样，在真正的考察期间，他们就会知道自己应该怎么做了。保持冷静的另一个诀窍就是穿着合体、谈吐恰当、回答问题直接。
3.Tip two: Identify the lead person
Communicate to the inspector that a certain person will be the overall contact during the inspection. The key individual will be generally responsible for dealing with the inspector, providing follow-up information, and filling the necessary internal reports/documentation associated with the inspection. The office administrator or secretary and others in the front office should be informed of a set procedure to follow and whom to contact when an inspector arrives. Also, have a back-up person in place because you never know when you might need them. 二：确定一个负责人
告诉检查人在检查过程中将有一个人全程陪着他。这个重要人物一般负责与检查人员打交道，提供后续信息，并填写与检查有关的必要的内部报告/文件。应该告知办公室行政长官或秘书及其他人员需要遵循的既定程序以及在检查员到达时该与谁联系。此外，还要在适当的地方安排一个后备人员，因为你永远不知道什么时候可能需要他们。
4.Tip three: Have an expeditious review
Most regulations and guidance will stipulate that expeditious review of records and documents should be available. This means that you cannot leave the inspector in the front lobby. If you need to call in an external resource, it’s always a good idea to do that before you head to the lobby to meet the inspector. Further, explain to the inspector that someone else will be assisting, if that’s the case. Kick the inspection off with a ‘kick-off’ meeting to establish the Who, Why, What, and Where that the inspector is expecting to accomplish.
三、快速查阅资料
大部分的检查规则和指南规定必须准备好可供快速查阅的记录和文件，这就意味着你不会将检查人员晾在会客厅。如果你需要其他的人来支援，在你去大厅会见检查人员之前就联系好。另外，要向检查员说明会有其他人来协助他们。开一个“启动会议”明确检查者期望检查的人、检查的原因、检查的对象以及检查地点。 5.Tip four: Plan the inspection tour
Once the inspector is identified and the aim of the inspection is figured out, make a clear plan of where to go and what to show specifically if the inspector would like to take your advice. If it not the case, just respect the inspector’s suggestion. For example, the inspector may ask to see equipment in operation. If you are the lead person, just work as a tour guide to take the most desirable direct path to the specific equipment, giving introductions or illustrations when necessary.
Many large corporations have internal policies to provide only data that is requested; nothing more. So as the lead person, be aware of the privacy and security obligations in the inspection, and not to arrange reception of visits around the confidential room. 四：安排检查路线
一旦确认了检查人员，并确定了检查的目的，如果检查人员愿意接受你的建议，
工程英语(上)长难句
