专题十八 虚拟语气
重难点分析
虚拟语气是英语中一个较大的语法项目，高考语法填空和短文改错都曾经设过考点，考生应予以重视。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
一、虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表 类别 if引导的条件状语从句 与将来事实相反 从句动词：过去式/ should+动词原形/ were+与过去事实相反 与现在事实相反 用法 从句动词：过去式(be多用were，但在口语中，如果主语是第一/三人称，be动词可用was)；主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形 从句动词：had+过去分词；主句动词：should/would/could/might + have+过去分词 If I had been free, I would have visited you. 如果我那时有空，我就会去拜访你了。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would 例句 If he were here, he would help us. 如果他在这，他会帮我们的。 不定式；主句动词：should/would/could/might not go camping. 如果明天下雨，我+动词原形 们就不去露营了。 其他状语从句 They are talking was if they were/ as if/though引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式 had been friends for years. 他们交谈着，好像是多年的老朋友。 even if/though引导的从句，与现在/将来事实相反时，从句动词用过去式，主句动词用should/would+动词原形；与过去事实相反时，从句动词用had+过去分词，主句动词用should/would+ have+过去分词 Even if we failed, we wouldn’t lose courage. 即使我们失败了，我们也不会失去勇气。 宾语从句 demand, require, advise, suggest, order, insist(坚持要求)等表命令、建议、要求的动词后所接的宾语从句中的动词用(should)+动词原形 He suggested that we (should) not change our mind. 他建议我们不要改变主意。 wish后所接的宾语从句中的谓语动词分别用过去式、过去I wish I could be a pop singer. 我希完成式和could/would+动词原形表示与现在、过去和将来望我是一名流行歌手。 情况相反的假设 主语从句 在It is necessary/important/strange that…, It is suggested/ It is strange that such a person demanded/ordered/requested that…等后所接的主语从句中，should be our friends. 很奇怪的是谓语动词用(should)+动词原形 表语从句和同位语从句 idea, advice, order, demand, request等表命令、建议、要求的名词后所接的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形 这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。 My advice is that you (should) finish your homework first. 我的建议是你首先应该做完家庭作业。 The idea that you (should) go is right. 你走的建议是正确的。 其他句型中 It is (high) time that…句型中定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形(优先使用过去式) would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式 It is high time that we left. 该是我们离开的时候了。 I would rather you stayed at home now. 我宁愿你现在待在家里。 if only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈If only our dream had come true! 的愿望
二、其他要注意的事项
1. 虚拟语气中出现be的过去式，在口语中，当主语是第一、三人称单数时，可用was，但在if的倒装句中只能用were。如：Were I you, I would apologize to her. 如果我是你的话，我就会去向她道歉。
2. suggest表“暗示、表明”和insist表“坚持认为”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。如： Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 你苍白的脸色表明你生病了。
He insisted that he was right. 他坚持认为他是对的。(如insist表“坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句则要用虚拟语气)
3. if虚拟语气条件句中如有had, should, were，可省略if，并将这些词提前引起倒装。如： Were I you, I would remain. 如果我是你，我会留下来。
Had you told me earlier, I wouldn’t have missed it. 如果你早点告诉我，我就不会错过它了。 4. 可用without, but for构成的介词短语代替虚拟语气条件句。如：
要是我们的梦想成真该多好！ But for your help, I would have failed the exam. 如果没有你的帮助，我不会通过考试的。 Without water, there would be no life. 没有水，就没有生命。
5. as if/though, even if/though引导的从句也可以不用虚拟语气，表示真实的情况。如： It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来似乎要下雨了。 考点练透
一、单句填空 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. — If he ___________ (warn), he ___________ (not take) that food. — Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ___________ (break). 3. I would rather they ___________ (not hear) of the news. 4. I wish ___________ (have) a room of my won when I was a child. 5. But for the teacher, I ___________ (not change) my attitude to study yet.
6. Without air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ___________ (be) freezing cold, too cold for us to stay.
7. If I had worked harder at school, I ___________ (sit) in a comfortable office now.
8. Her pale face suggested that she ___________ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she ___________ (have) a medical examination.
9. I insisted he ___________ (go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___________ (be) wrong with him. 10. He asks that he ___________ (give) an opportunity to explain why he has refused to go there. 11. It is high time we ___________ (get) down to discuss this plan.
12. If it were not for the fact that you ___________ (be) too busy, I would ask you to help me do this right now.
13. Who do you suggest ___________ (send) to work there?
14. I would have come earlier, but I ___________ (not know) that you were waiting for me. 15. If it ___________ (rain) tomorrow, the outing would be cancelled. 16. If there were no air, people ___________ (die).
17. If he ___________ (study) harder, he might pass the exam.
18. If he ___________ (take) my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 19. We would rather you ___________ (go) here tomorrow.
专题18-虚拟语气-备战2024年高考高中英语语法专项突破训练
