上海高考专题训练-上海复旦附中专项训练-六选四强化篇-1
Passage1UrbanizationUntilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago.1_.Infact,nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural(乡村的)villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory---asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.Britainwasonlythebeginning.2_.Theprocessofurbanization---themigration(迁移)ofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity---wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.In1990,fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.Therestliveinsmalltowns.Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties.Ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities._3.Untilmoderntimes,thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite(精英)andtheservants,laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.4_.Today,insteadofneedingninety-fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon-farmers.A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.B.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.C.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecomeurbansocieties.D.Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.E.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.F.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.参考答案：DCAE解析：首先对这六个选项进行分析，查找相应的关键词A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.1上海高考专题训练-上海复旦附中专项训练-六选四强化篇-1
B.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.C.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecomeurbansocieties.D.Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.E.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.F.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.1，前一段讲解了城市的早期起源，最后一句“第一座城市在5,500年之前发现的，”横线后一句用“事实上，几乎每个人都住在农场里或者小的乡村”链接，所以表示转折链接，所以选D（语义层次——转折关系）2，前一句表示“英国仅仅是个开始”，后句“城市化过程是现代化的结果”。中间表示顺承关系，从英国讲到其他国家。所以选择C.（顺承关系）3，前一句表示“在现在农业设置，养活城市中五个人需要农村的耕作的95人”，后一句表示“直到现代，那些生活在城市的人主要是统治者精英们和服务他们的仆人、劳作者和专业人士。”所以选择A(句法层次——指代)4，根据前一句“工业革命已经打破了城市和乡村的联系”横线后一句表示“现在-----”中间使用了（词法层次-----重述，上下词）（主位和述位），所以选择E2上海高考专题训练-上海复旦附中专项训练-六选四强化篇-1
Passage2EvaluatingSources(来源)ofhealthInformationMakinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthyinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinions,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.Thefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceivefromcommonsources.Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.1Watchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehaviour“contributesto”oris“associatedwith”anoutcome;thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.it.Useyourcommonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.“scientific”statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery(江湖骗术).4Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration,3Evaluate2Carefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandbuteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus.DevelopingtheabilitytoevaluatereasonablyandindependentlyaboutthehealthproblemswillserveyouwellthroughoutyourlifeA.Makechoicethatarerightforyou.B.Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.C.Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.3上海高考专题训练-上海复旦附中专项训练-六选四强化篇-1
D.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.E.Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.F.Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor’spointofview.参考答案：解析：DFBAA.Makechoicethatarerightforyou.B.Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.C.Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.D.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.E.Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.F.Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor’spointofview.1.【答案】D【试题解析】本段表示要找到信息最初的来源。要自己去找到原来真正报道的内容，要确认是通过很严肃的方法得到的确定的信息。得知正确答案为D(语义层次---添加)2【答案】F【试题解析】本段的标题是：注意误导性的语言。根据前句“有些研究发现某些行为与某种结果有关。后一句表示“仔细阅读或者聆听信息是为了充分理解”，根据后句中出现的information得知正确答案为F(词汇层次------重复)3.【答案】B【试题解析】根据前面一句Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.可知要我们特别注意广告里包含的信息，因为广告里的信息是为了向我们出售一些内容，所以广告的信息很可能是不准确的。所以要当心江湖骗术。故B项4上海高考专题训练-上海复旦附中专项训练-六选四强化篇-1
符合语境。（词汇层次----重复）4.【答案】A【试题解析】根据下面两句可知朋友和家人可能是激励信息的主要来源，但是每个人都要找到一个起作用的健康的生活方式。也就是说要为自己选择合适的信息来源。故A正确。（信息结构-----主位-述位）5
上海高考专题训练-上海复旦附中专项训练-六选四强化篇-1 - 图文
