don't have access to the latest memory enhancers? Are they left behind in school -- and as a result handicapped later in life?
4__________ Imagine that you are applying for a job that requires a good memory, such as a manager at a technology company or a sales position that requires remembering customers' names as well as the attributes of different products and services. Would you take a memory-enhancing drug to increase your chances of landing the position? Would people who felt uncomfortable taking such a drug find themselves cut out of lucrative career opportunities?
Memory drugs might also help take the sting out of disturbing memories that we wish we could forget but can't. The 2004 hit movie Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind told the story of a young man seeking just such freedom from the painful memories of a romantic breakup. As you will see in the section on persistence later in the chapter, emotionally arousing events often create intrusive memories, and researchers have already muted emotional memories with drugs that block the action of key hormones. Should emergency workers who must confront horrifying accident scenes that can burden them with persisting memories be provided with such drugs? Should such drugs be given to rape victims who can't forget the trauma? Memory drugs might provide some relief to such individuals. But could they also interfere with an individual's ability to assimilate and come to terms with a difficult experience? 5 __________
注释：
1.As scientists learn more about memory，we are closing in on this tantalizing goal.随着科学家们对记忆了解增多，我们正接近这一诱人的目标。
2.LTP&NMDA：(Lon9—term Potentiation)给突触前纤维一个短暂的高频刺激后，突触传递效率和强度增加几倍且能持续数小时至几天保持这种增强的现象。LTP发现海马LTP可能是学习记忆的分子基础。1973年Bliss及其合作者，电刺激麻醉兔的内嗅皮层，使海马表层的穿通纤维兴奋，可在齿状回记录到场电位。先用高频电刺激几秒钟后，再用单个电刺激，记录到的部分场电位幅度大大超过原先记录的对照值,并可持续几小时，几天。这一现象称为长时程增强效应(LTP)。1983年发现NMDA(N一甲基一D一门冬氨酸)受体通道复合体在LTP过程中起重要作用，进一步深化了对LTP在大脑学习记忆中作用的理解。
3.a spatial layout：空间布局
4.Memory drugs might also help take the sting out of disturbing memories that we wish we could forget but Can’t：增强记忆药对我们想忘记却又不能的令人烦扰的记忆变得令人易于接受。take the sting out of：使……易于被接受;使……令人感到愉快
5.But could they also interfere with an individual’S ability to assimilate and come to terms with a difficult experience?中的come to terms with：让步;屈服
练习：
A Like steroids for bulking up the muscles,these drugs would bulk up memory.
B A memory enhancer could help eliminate forgetting associated with aging and disease. C What are the potential implications of memory-enhancing drugs for the workplace? D We may find ourselves struggling with these kinds of questions in the not-too-distant future.
E There is a pill that you could take every day to allow you to remember everything.
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F The gene makes a protein that assists the NMDA2 receptor, which plays an important role in long-term memory by helping to initiate LTP.
答案与题解：
1.B依据上一句的“很难想象一种提高人们记忆力的药会受到人们吹捧”;下面应该对这一现象做出解释，即这种药物有什么疗效;而后一句的Furthermore这一指示词起到了递进的作用，进一步说明这种药物的益处。More than：非常，极其，十分
2.F前一句的关键词是gene、LTP和mice，它讲的是有些令人兴奋的证据是从研究中得出的;该研究基于早期连接LTP和记忆的发现，该结果确定了提高老鼠记忆的基因;而后一句进一步阐述这一发现，开头的mice可以是一个连接词。
3.A前一句讲：如果这种结果用于人类的话，人们就有可能把提高人的记忆力用于临床。这一句讲：就像类固醇用于提高人的肌肉能力，这种药物也可以提高人的记忆力。
4.C一般情况下，每一段的第一句都是本段的主题句。而该句是一个问句：这种提高记忆力的药物用于职场有什么潜在的启示呢?紧接着本段其余几句都提出关于这种药物是否会职场的提升有什么影响的问题。
5.D本句是全文的最后一句。应该是总结性的。鉴于前面都列举了这种提高记忆力的药所面临的一系列问题，所以，我们在不久的将来要面临这些问题。
译文：第十五篇记忆药物？
很难想象还有比能增强记忆力的药物更受人们欢迎的东西了。增强记忆的药物能让人消除因变老和疾病造成的遗忘。而且这种药物能够帮助人们更加清晰地记起过去的经历，更容易地在学习和工作中获取新信息。随着科学家对记忆了解增多，我们正在接近这一诱人的目标。
一些最激动人心的证据来自于一项研究，这项研究是基于早期通过将LTP和记忆连接起来识别老鼠中能提升记忆力的基因所得到的发现。这种基因能够制造一种辅助NMDA受体的蛋白质，这个受体通过帮助启动LTP而在长期记忆中起到重要作用。被喂养这种基因复制品的老鼠的NMDA受体表现得更活跃，具有更多的LTP，在许多不同的记忆实践中有更好的表现——学习空间布置，辨认熟悉物品，回忆起引起惊吓的冲击。
如果这些有关记忆基因、LTP的基本认识和记忆的突触原理能够转用到人身上去——那还有待观察——那么它们就为增强记忆的治疗铺平道路。就像类固醇可以强壮肌肉，这些药物可以增强记忆。尽管听起来令人激动，它们也会引起令人苦恼的问题。考虑一下增强记忆的药物潜在的教育影响，如果记忆增强剂能够实现，使用它们的孩子就有可能获取并记住大量的信息，在学校里就比不用药物要进步更快。大脑对这些汹涌而来的信息能处理得多好？无法得到最新记忆增强剂的孩子该怎么办？他们在学校中就会落在后面，以后的人生就有残缺吗？
增强记忆的药物在职场潜在的影响又是什么？想象一下你正申请一个需要记忆力好的工作，比如一家科技公司的经理或需要记住顾客名字以及不同产品和服务特征的销售岗位。你会服用增强记忆的药物来增加你得到职位的概率吗？服用这种药物感到不舒服的人会失去获利颇丰的工作机会吗？
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记忆药物使我们想忘记却又不能忘记的令人烦扰的记忆变得令人易于接受。2004年的卖座电影《美丽心灵的永恒阳光》讲述的是一个年轻人找寻能够摆脱爱情破裂的痛苦记忆方法的故事。正如你会在后面的情节中看到有关坚持不懈的那部分，从情感上唤起的事件经常能够形成令人烦恼的记忆，并且研究者已经用阻挡主要荷尔蒙活动的药物消除了情感的记忆。应该给那些必须直面恐怖的事故现场并且被相关记忆烦扰的急救人员提供这类药物吗？应该给那些不能忘记创伤的被强奸的受害者服用这些药物吗？记忆药物可能会给这些人带来一丝慰藉，但它们也会干扰一个人吸收消化的能力，以及对困境妥协让步的能力吗？在不久的将来，我们可能会发现自己在与这类问题做斗争。
综合A类阅读理解新增文章
第36篇:Life as a Movie Extra（A级）
Life as a Movie Extra
Ordinary people have always been attracted to the world of movies and movie stars. One way to get closer to this world is to become a movie extra. Although you have seen movie extras, you may not have paid attention to them. Extras are the people seated at tables in a restaurant while the two main actors are in conversation. They are the guests at the wedding of the main characters. They are the people crossing the street while “the bad guy\police. Extras don’t normally speak any lines, but they help make the scenes look real1.
Being a movie extra might seem like a lot of fun. You get to see what life is like behind the scenes. But don’t forget that being an extra is really a job, and it’s mostly about doing
nothing. First-time extras are often shocked to learn how slow the process of movie making is. In a finished movie, the action may move quickly. But it can sometimes take a whole day to shoot a scene that appears for just a few minutes on the screen.
The main requirement for being an extra is the ability to wait. You may report to work at 5 or 6 a. m.，and then you wait until the director is ready for your scene. This could take several hours. Then there may be technical problems, and you have to wait some more. After the
director says “action”and you do the first “take”，you may have to do it again if he or she is not satisfied with the scene. In fact, you may have to do the same scene over and over again. You could be on the set for hours, sometimes waiting outdoors in very hot or cold weather.2 You may not be finished until 11 p. m. or midnight. The pay isn’t good, either — often only a little bit above minimum wage. And you must pay the agent who gets you the job a commission of about 10 percent.
So who would want to be a movie extra? In spite of the long hours and low pay, many people still apply for the job. Some people truly enjoy the work. They like being on a movie set, and they enjoy the companionship of their fellow extras. Most of them have flexible schedules, which allow them to be available.3They may be students, waiters, homemakers, retired people, or unemployed actors. Some unemployed actors hope the work will help them get real acting jobs, but it doesn’t happen often. Most people in the movie industry make a sharp distinction between extras and actors, so extras are not usually considered for large parts.
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The next time you see a movie，don’t just watch the stars. Take a closer look at the people in the background, and ask yourself : Who are they? Why are they there? What else do they do in life? Maybe there is someone in the crowd who is just like you.
词汇：
movie extra群众演员 shoot vt.拍摄
注释：
1.Extras don’t normally speak any lines, but they help make the scenes look real.：虽然群众演员通常没有台词，但他们的存在使整个场景更加逼真。
2.You could be on the set for hours，sometimes waiting outdoors in very hot or cold weather.：在拍摄现场，你可能一演就是几个小时，有时还要一直待在很热或很冷的环境中。on the set：在拍摄现场。
3.Most of them have flexible schedules, which allow them to be available.：这些人中大部分都是时间比较灵活的人，这样他们就能腾出时间来演戏。
练习：
1.What is true about movie extras?
A) Only agents get them jobs in movies.
B) They often have to wait around on movie sets and do nothing. C) It’s a good way to get a real acting job. D) They can have drinks in a restaurant.
2.What might surprise movie extras the first time they do the job?
A) It can take hours to do a scene that is only a few minutes long in the movie. B) They always do the same scene many times. C) The actors are interested in talking to them. D) The action moves very quickly.
3.Why do most people work as movie extras? A) They like meeting famous movie stars. B) They think they will become famous. C) They want to be on a movie set. D) They will get real acting jobs.
4.What are the job requirements for being a movie extra? A) You have to have a part-time job. B) You must be attractive.
C) You must be willing to repeat a scene many times. D) You must start working very early.
5.It can be inferred from the passage that .
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chase v.追捕
action n.(导演指令)开拍
commission n.佣金
A) B) C) D) being a movie extra can be boring movie extras need acting experience movie extras can play larger parts
movie actors are quite different from actors
答案与题解：
1.B 本文的第三段详细叙述了群众演员的主要工作要求是在拍摄现场等，不用做事，所以答
案为B;第一段中描述了群众演员的工作;他们是演员的陪衬，不用讲话。虽然提到他们是在餐馆里，但并没有提是否可以喝饮料，所以D可以排除;A中的only —词太笼统，所以A不对;从第四段可以看出，从群众演员到演员的转型是相当困难的，所以C也不对。
2.A 第二段中说明了令初做群众演员感到吃惊的是：拍一个场景需要一整天，而播放时只有几分钟。虽然B、D都有所提及，但不是令他们吃惊的事情。
3.C 虽然做群众演员耗时长而薪酬低，但他们为什么还选择这一工作呢?答案在第四段：他们喜欢这份工作，愿意与别的群众演员交流，他们自己的工作时间有弹性。A没有提到，B、D不太可能。
4.C 做群众演员的条件是什么?在第三段和第四段，我们可知：要有耐心(长时间等待，一个场景有时要拍好多次)，要肯吃苦(在恶劣的户外环境中拍戏)，报酬低，工作时间有弹性。A、B没有提到;在第三段的第二句提到：You may report to work at 5 or 6 a. m.，表明只是有时会很早开始工作，不是每日必须的，所以D不对。
5.A 从本文对群众演员的工作描述我们可以看出，群众演员只是演员的道具，所以是乏味的。B没有提到;据第四段的最后一句，C不对;第四段的最后一句清楚表明，群众演员和真正的演员差别很大，所以不是得出的推论，推论是通过字里行间推出来的，不是给出的陈述。
综合A类新增文章概括大意
第13篇：Ward off Travel Bugs（A级）
Ward off Travel Bugs
1 As the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect of jet lag, an upset stomach or sunburn2. With care and some help from natural sources, however, it is quite possible to avoid these problems.
2 You can start to prepare a couple of weeks before you leave. Food poisoning will make any holiday miserable, but by taking some medicine such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria3, you can reduce the likelihood of succumbing to4 poisoning brought on5 by food or water tainted with unfamiliar bacteria.
3 By improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you crowd out the pathogenic bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold.6 The beneficial bacteria also produce gentle but effective natural antibiotics in your gut.
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最新2014职称英语新增文章理工A（最完整，含译文，已排版可直接打印，word版）
