1合格考模拟试卷解析版-2021北京市普通高中学业水平合格性考试仿真模拟卷

A. People paid tribute to Kobe Bryant for his success on the basketball court.

B. Kobe Bryant devoted more of his life to basketball instead of accompanying his family. C. Kobe Bryant regarded his retirement as the beginning of another career. D. Kobe Bryant felt emotionless when facing the end of his basketball career.

这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了逝去的NBA历史上最伟大的球员之一科比·布莱恩特关于努力、成功和生活的一些鼓舞人心的语录。 【20题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段中…when that moment comes, of course it is here because it has been here the whole time, because it has been [in your mind] the whole time. ……当那个时刻到来的时候，它就在这里，因为它一直在这里，因为它一直在你的脑海里。可知，科比对成功的态度对成功的态度是有决心的。故选B项。 【21题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第三段中It’s basketball. I’ve practiced and practiced and played so many times. There’s nothing truly to be afraid of, when you think about it 这是篮球。我练习了很多次，很多次，很多次。当你仔细想想，其实没什么好害怕的……由科比说自己练习了很多次，可知他对失败并不是说漫不经心或者不在意的，因此猜测划线词cavalier意为“漫不经心的，不在意的”。故选A项。 【22题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中Because I’ve failed before, and I woke up the next morning, and I’m OK. People say bad things about you in the paper on Monday, and then on Wednesday, you're the greatest thing since sliced bread. 因为我以前也失败过，第二天早上醒来，我没事。人们在星期一的报纸上说你的坏话，然后在星期三，你是自切片面包以来最伟大的事物。可知，当谈到失败的时候，科比并不害怕面对起起落落。故选D项。 【23

题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中We can all be masters at our craft, but you have to make a choice. What I mean by that is, there are inherent sacrifices that come along with that — family time, hanging out with your friends, being a great friend, being a great son, nephew, whatever the case may be. There are sacrifices that come along with that. 我们都可以成为技艺上的大师，但你必须做出选择。我的意思是，随之而来的是一些内在的牺牲——家庭时间，和朋友一起玩，做一个好朋友，做一个好儿子，好侄子，不管是什么情况。这也会带来一些牺牲。可知，科比将更多的时间奉献给了篮球，而不是陪伴家人。故选B项。

C

There are only a few truly pleasant smells to wake up to in the morning. It might be the aroma of freshly baked bread, or the scent of your partner’s freshly brushed teeth - but for me, it’s the smell of freshly cooked coffee. Just a sniff of it makes me jump out of bed and rush to the kitchen for a gulp(大口) of the hot black liquid.

I also know the experience when I walk into a cafe for my double espresso(浓缩咖啡) or flat white, my mouth begins to water in advance. Although it’s really the caffeine hit I’m after, it’s the smell that makes me feel good.

However, this feeling sometimes turns to disappointment when I actually start drinking my hot coffee - the taste just doesn’t match the smell. This is particularly the case when I order a coffee to go in a tall paper cup and sip the liquid through a hole in the lid. Yes, it’s convenient, but is it really the right way to appreciate it?

Tim Hayward, a food writer and coffee shop owner，describes this process as “strange”. He says, “You walk into the

coffee shop, you get the smell, but when you actually take the drink out, you are drinking it from something that is designed to deliver the hot liquid directly past your tongue, but stop any smell coming up to your nose.”

As well as removing the smell, takeaway coffee cups create a lot of waste and a vast majority of them still don’t get recycled. In 2011, it was estimated that 2.5 billion coffee cups were thrown away each year in the UK, and that figure is likely to be higher now. So maybe now is the time to really wake up and smell the coffee by drinking from a cup or mug in a cafe, chatting with friends and saving the planet! 24. From the first two paragraphs we know ________. A. the author loves coffee alone B. the smell of coffee is pleasant C. people smell one scent at a time D. smells are used to wake up people

25. What sometimes disappoints the author when drinking coffee? A. The way to enjoy coffee. B. Coffee doesn’t taste tasty. C. No partner shares coffee with him. D. The type of coffee he likes isn’t available. 26. What made Tim Hayward feel strange？ A. The smell of coffee. B. Hot coffee without smell. C. Treating coffee just as hot liquid. D. Drinking coffee in the coffee shop. 27. What can be implied in the last paragraph? A. People recycle coffee regularly. B. Takeaway coffee is of high quality. C. Pollution caused by coffee cups is growing. D. A cup or mug is widely used for drinking coffee.

这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述咖啡的气味让作者保持清醒，但是喝咖啡的纸杯阻碍了人们对咖啡味道的享受，还带来了很多污染。 【24题详解】

细节理解题。由第一段第二句“It might be the aroma of freshly baked bread, or the scent of your partner’s freshly brushed teeth - but for me, it’s the smell of freshly cooked coffee.”和第二段的最后一句“Although it’s really the caffeine hit I’m after, it’s the smell that makes me feel good.”可知，这令人愉快的气味可能是刚烤出面包的芳香，或者是你同伴刚刷牙的气味，但是对于我来说，它是刚煮好的咖啡味道，虽然实际上是我追随咖啡因提神功效，但是的确这个气味使我感觉舒服。由此可知，咖啡的气味是令人愉快的。结合选项可知，选项B正确。 【25题详解】

细节理解题。由第三段的第二句“This is particularly the case when I order a coffee to go in a tall paper cup and sip the liquid through a hole in the lid.”和最后一句“Yes, it’s convenient, but is it really the right way to appreciate it?”可知，情况是这样的，当我点了一份在高纸杯里的咖啡，然后通过在杯盖上的一个小孔喝这个液体的时候。是的，它是方便的，但是这真的是欣赏它的正确方法吗？由此可知，当喝咖啡的时候，喝咖啡的方法使作者失望。结合选项可

知，选项A正确。 【26题详解】

细节理解题。由第四段Tim Hayward说的话“You walk into the coffee shop, you get the smell, but when you actually take the drink out, you are drinking it from something that is designed to deliver the hot liquid directly past your tongue, but stop any smell coming up to your nose.”可知，你走进咖啡店，你闻到了香味，但是当你实际取出这个饮品的时候，你正在通过被设计来直接传送热饮经过你的舌头但是阻止任何气味飘进你的鼻子的某物喝这份饮品。由此可知，Tim Hayward对这种用来对待热饮的方式对待喝咖啡觉得很奇怪。结合选项可知，选项C正确。 【27题详解】

推理判断题。由最后一段的第一句“As well as removing the smell, takeaway coffee cups create a lot of waste and a vast majority of them still don’t get recycled.”和第二句“In 2011, it was estimated that 2.5 billion coffee cups were thrown away each year in the UK, and that figure is likely to be higher now.”可知，和去除咖啡气味一样，外带咖啡杯造成了很多废物并且绝大多数的他们仍然没有得到回收利用。在2011年，据估计在英国每年有25亿的咖啡杯被丢弃，并且这个数据现在可能更高。由此可见，咖啡杯造成的污染正在增长。结合选项可知，选项C正确。

D

Average age is rising around the world——a demographic （人口统计）change that may pose a significant challenge to efforts to slow down climate change.

Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests.

They combined two decades, worth of data from thousands of US households and used this to build a model to reveal how energy use varied across 17 age groups between 1987 and 2009. They found that, on average, children's energy consumption （肖耗）climbs as they grow up, before dipping slightly when they leave home. Consumption then rises again when people hit their 30s, before briefly dropping after 55, and then beginning to climb again. The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and size of a person's home. The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan （寿命）seems to be the result of life style and how our needs change as we age.

Why does demand grow so much in our 30s? “We need more of everything. More space, a bigger TV two fridges,\says Estiri. The study found that, in warmer parts of the US, energy use increases in people over the age of 65—probably as a result of increased use of air conditioning, This suggests that there is a feedback effect between climate change and an ageing population that will only make matters worse.

Heat waves have become more common in the US in recent years and are expected to become more frequent due to global warming. More older people using more electrical energy to keep cool as temperatures rise could add to emissions （排放），and thus drive more warming until our energy supply becomes entirely fossil fuel-free.

“This confluence （汇集）of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thin king about,\demographics when it comes to cutting carbon emissions. Most modelling of climate change mitigation （减缓气候变化的模型） assumes people's energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time.

\of the consumption of energy, says Sovacool.

Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important influence on policy makers. \how the people in them use energy,\

28. By saying “not just because we tend to get wealthier\ A. poor people can't bring down the high demand for energy B. a comfortable life is not the main cause of in creased energy use

C. there are some other reasons leading to the increase in energy consumption D. people being wealthy or not has nothing to do with the rise of energy consumption 29. Which of the following statements is Hossein Estiri most likely to support? A. Energy will stop increasing when people get older.

B. His research could inspire policymakers to change current polices. C. Various factors influencing energy consumption should be considered. D. Old people should use fossil fuel-free rather than electrical energy to keep cool. 30. What is the shortcoming of most modeling of climate change mitigation? A. It is expensive and difficult to promote.

B. It overestimates the household energy consumption. C. It did not take climate change adaptation into account.

D. It regards energy consumption as stable or as only slightly changing. 31. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. More emphasis should be put on people's energy use.

B. The government can't do much without the support of the study.

C. It is the buildings, not the people in side, that consume the majority of the energy. D. Policymakers have been working on how to cut down people's energy use.

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了人类消耗的能源对大自然的影响，人口老龄化对全球气候变化产生很大影响。

【28题详解】

推理判断题。根据下文An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests.(他们的研究表明，人口老龄化可能意味着更大比例的社会有更高的能源使用)可推断energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier.的句意是：随着年龄的增长，能源的使用也会增加，而不仅仅是因为我们倾向于变得更富有。也就是说还有一些其他原因导致能源消耗增加。故选C。 【29题详解】

推理判断题。根据第六段的“This confluence （汇集）of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thin king about,\埃斯蒂里说：“人口、老龄化和气候变化对能源需求的这种融合，对于建立一个降低能源消耗的国家是非常重要的。)可推断，Estiri最可能支持影响能源消耗的各种因素都需要考虑。故选C。 【30题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的Most modelling of climate change mitigation （减缓气候变化的模型） assumes people's energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time.(大多数减缓气候变化的模型都假设人们的能源消耗要么保持不变，要么随时间发生少量变化。)可知，大多数气候变化缓解模型的缺点是

认为能源消耗是稳定的或只是轻微的变化。故选D。 【31题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段的What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy(论文上说，关于建筑物如何使用能源，有很多工作要做，但关于建筑物中的人如何使用能源，可能还不够)可推断， 应该更加强调人们的能源使用。故选A。

第二节

阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答，答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。

Most painters discover a style of painting that suits them and stick to that, especially if people admire their pictures. But Picasso, the great Spanish painter, was like a man who had not yet found his own particular style of painting. He kept on struggling to find the perfect expression till his death in 1973.

Some of Picasso’s paintings are rich, soft, colored and beautiful. Others are ugly and cruel and strange. But such paintings allow us to _____________ for ourselves. They force us to say to ourselves, “What does he see that makes him paint like that?” And we begin to look beneath the surface of the things we see.

Picasso painted thousands of pictures in different styles. Sometimes he painted the natural look of things. Sometimes he seemed to break them apart and throw the pieces in our faces. He showed us what the mind knows as well as what the eye sees. At the age of 90 he remained as curious about the world as he had been when he was young. That is why people have called him “the youngest painter in the world”.

32. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.) _________________________________________________________________. 33. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one ? At times, things in some of his pictures seemed to be in disorder.

_________________________________________________________________ 34. Please fill in the blank with proper words to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)

_________________________________________________________________ 35. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese. __________________________________________________________________ 这是一篇写人的记叙文，描写的是大画家毕加索独特的作画风格。 32. Picasso’s particular style of painting.

【32题详解】文章第一段指出每个画家都会有自己的风格，毕加索一直苦苦的追寻完美的绘画展现方式，通篇围绕的皆是这个主题。Picasso…, was like a man who had not yet found his own particular style of painting. Picasso painted thousands of pictures in different styles.

33. Sometimes he seemed to break them apart and throw the pieces in our faces. 【33题详解】in disorder 杂乱无章的正是文章中提到了break …apart and throw the pieces in… 34. imagine things

【34题详解】allow us to …引发我们(观赏的人)进行想象与They force us to say to ourselves…呼应