毕业设计说明书—电火花线切割加工工艺的设计与试验

电火花线切割加工工艺设计及试验

专 业：机械设计制造及其自动化学 生：沙伟卫指导教师：朱永伟完成日期：

2015.5.25

大学机械工程学院

摘要

阐述了电火花线切割加工设备的组成部分、功能、工作原理及操作方法。论述了电火花线切割加工的基本原理。通过工厂电火花线切割加工试验，熟悉其加工特性，掌握线切割加工工艺。研究开发了能实现复杂曲面零件电火花线切割加工的加工工艺。阐明了其加工原理、特点、组成及运动规律,并对各种主要硬件装置进行阐述和开发.从而拓宽了电火花线切割加工的工艺围，从根本上解决了复杂曲面零件的加工难题，具有很强的应用和推广价值。

关键词：电火花加工， 线切割加工， 加工工艺， 复杂型面

Abstract

This paper expounds the parts, functions, working principle and operation method of the electrical discharge machining equipment.. The basic principle of EDM wire cutting is described.. Through the factory electrical discharge machining experiment, familiar with the machining characteristics, cutting process technology. The research and development of the machining process of the EDM wire for complex curved surface parts is developed.. To clarify the machining principle, characteristics, composition and the law of motion of the, and the main hardware device carries on the elaboration and development. So as to broaden the electric spark wire cutting machining range of, fundamentally solves the problem of machining complex curved surface parts, has strong application and popularization value. Key words: EDM, wire cutting, machining process, complex surface

目录

摘要 ....................................................... I 第一章 引言 ............................................................... 1

1.1 特种加工技术的概念及其意义 .......................................... 1

1.2 特种加工技术的类别及其应用围 ........................................ 1

1.2.1 机械特种加工 .................................................... 1 1.2.2 电气特种加工 .................................................... 1 1.2.3 热特种加工 ...................................................... 2 1.2.4 化学特种加工 .................................................... 2 1.3 特种加工技术现状及实际应用 .......................................... 2

1.3.1 机械特种加工 .................................................... 2 1.3.2 电气特种加工 .................................................... 2 1.3.3 热特种加工 ...................................................... 2 1.3.4 化学特种加工 .................................................... 3 1.4 电火花线切割加工的发展及现状 ........................................ 3

1.4.1 电火花线切割加工技术的发展趋势与工艺进展 ................... 3

第二章 电火花线切割加工的机理及应用.................................. 7

2.1 电火花线切割加工基本原理 ............................................ 7

2.1.1 低速走丝线切割加工基本原理 .................................... 8 2.1.2 高速走丝线切割加工基本原理 .................................... 9 2.2 电火花线切割加工物理过程 ........................................... 10 2.3 电火花线切割加工的特点.............................................. 15

2.3.1电火花线切割加工与电火花成形加工的特性比较 ................. 15 2.4 电火花线切割加工的局限性 ........................................... 17 2.5 电火花线切割加工的应用.............................................. 17 2.6电火花线切割加工工艺及机床 ......................................... 18 2.7本章小节 .............................................................. 25

第三章 电火花加工实验设备 ............................................. 26

3.1 机床传动系统 ......................................................... 27

3.1.1工作台的传动路线 ............................................... 27 3.1.2运丝部件的传动路线 ............................................ 28 3.1.3线架 ............................................................ 28 3.2 机床搬运和安装 ....................................................... 29 3.3机床操作和调整 ....................................................... 29

3.3.1提前准备工作 ................................................... 29

3.3.2工作台调整 ...................................................... 30 3.3.3调整线架 ........................................................ 30 3.3.4钼丝绕装 ........................................................ 30 3.3.5.工件装夹 ....................................................... 31 3.3.6.机床操作步骤 ................................................... 31 3.3.7机床的维护与故障的排除 ........................................ 32 3.4机床控制系统 .......................................................... 33

3.4.1操作面板 ........................................................ 33 3.4本章小结 .............................................................. 36

第四章 加工试验及分析 .................................................. 37

4.1试验方式 .............................................................. 37

4.2试验设备 .............................................................. 37 4.3试验过程 .............................................................. 37 4.4实验记录: ............................................................. 37 4.5试验结论 .............................................................. 49

4.5.1电参数的影响 ................................................... 51 4.5.2合理选择电参数 ................................................. 52 4.6电火花线切割制作电极工具头 ......................................... 53

4.6.1电火花线切割技术加工微凸起工具电极 .......................... 53 4.3本章小结 .............................................................. 56

第五章 试验总结 结论 体会及展望 ................................... 57

5.1实验总结 .............................................................. 57 5.2体会 ................................................................... 58 5.3前景 ................................................................... 59 5.4本章小节 .............................................................. 59

致 ........................................................................... 60 参考文献 ..................................................................... 61 附录 .......................................................................... 61