. . . .
3） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain,
seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：It sounds good. 听上去不错。 4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：
She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。 5） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如： （对） She likes to swim. （错） To swim is liked by her. 5. 主动形式表示被动意义
1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如： The book sells well. 这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。
2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如： I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。 Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。
3） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
4）特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见/理解自己）等。例如： Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。 6. 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be
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. . . .
prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等。例如： He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。 注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如： He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。 He got married to a rich girl. 7.need/want/require/worth
当 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。例如： Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。
三.巩固练习
1. I___________ (teach) here for ten years since I finished school. 2. Would you mind me __________ (use) your bike?
3. The students of Class Two___________ (sweep) their classroom now. 4. The Whites____________ (not listen) to the radio at that time. 5. It's better to give than__________ (receive). 6. How long ______you_______ (live) in this town? 7. You _______ (come) here last year, ______ you? 8. ----When ______ you______ (see) him? ----I______ (see) him last Sunday.
9. She said that the car___________ (use) the next week.
10. I didn't know what __________ (happen) to China in a century. 11. When I got to the station, the train ____ already ______ (leave).
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. . . .
12. The stone bridge______________ (build) in our hometown for ten years. 13. The desk must ______ (clean) once a day.
14. The dog _________ (lie) on the floor when I came in.. 15. It _________(rain) heavily when I got home.
16. Her mother____________ (cook) at this time yesterday.
17. The students _____________ (do) their homework. __________ (not make) any noise! 18. ----______ you ever_______ (be) to Beijing? ----Yes. I________ (go) there last week. 19. He'll telephone us as soon as he _________ (arrive) there. 20. Jiefang trucks____________ (make) in Changchun. 21. A pen is used for__________ (write). 22. All that must ________ (do).
23 .My friend can't decide which pair of trousers____________ (choose). So she asked me to go shopping with her.
24. They find it useful__________ (learn) English.
25. The old man often_________ (tell) the children a story in the evening. This evening he
________ (tell) two stories.
26. The radio__________ (use) once in a week in our class. It____________ (not use) yesterday because there was something wrong with it.
27. Would please tell us how___________ (make) the watch ________ (work)? 28. She doesn't know what_________ (do) and where__________ (go).
四.答案
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. . . .
1. have
taught 2. using 3. are
sweeping 4. weren’t
listening 5. to receive 6. have
lived
…
7. came
didn’t
… been built 13. be
cleaned 14. was lying 15. was
raining 16. was
cooking 17. are doing,
Don’t
make 18. have
beeen, went 19. arrives 20. are made 21. writing 22. be done 23. to choose 24. to learn
…
25. tells, will
tell
8. did … see,
saw 9. would be
used 10. would
happen 11. had … left 12. have
第四章 动词的语气
一.概念
语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法.
二.相关知识点精讲
1.辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别
If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us. If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time. 2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表
与现在的事实相反 if条件句中的谓与动词 主句的谓与动词 should 专注 专业
. . . .
1. 行为动词用did 形式 2. be动词用were would could + 动词原形 might had + done 与过去的事实相反 should would could + have + done might 1. 行为动词用did 2. should + 动词原形 should would could + 动词原形 might 与将来的事实相反 3. were to + 动词原形 3.混合时间的虚拟语气
如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。
1)0If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today. 2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now. 3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.
4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.
4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”
needn’t have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”
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高中英语语法大全（全套）
