MELAS综合症的临床、病理及基因分析、治疗方法
摘 要
目的:总结线粒体脑肌病伴高乳酸血症和卒中样发作(Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy-latic axidosis-strokelike episode,MELAS)的临床特点、病理特点、分子生物学特点、影像学特点以及治疗方法并分析鸡尾酒疗法在MELAS综合症临床治疗中的应用价值。
方法:搜集现有文献资料并从MELAS综合症的临床、病理及基因分析、治疗方法等视角出发,对各部分内容进行总结。随后选取我院2014年5月~2016年5月收治的30例MELAS综合症患者为研究对象,在征得本院伦理委员会批准及患者签署知情同意书后对其实施鸡尾酒疗法治疗,使用的药物包括硫辛酸300mg/d+辅酶Q10软胶囊240mg/d+肌苷片3g/d+丁苯酞0.8g/d,以12d为一个治疗周期,持续治疗5个疗程后比较其临床疗效。
结果:治疗前30例MELAS综合症患者生活质量总分(77.84±1.16)分、SAS评分(64.33±1.12)分、SDS评分(64.38±1.15)分、血乳酸(3.35±0.15)mmol/L、血清NO(50.22±2.27)umol/L,经过5个疗程治疗后生活质量总分(88.69±1.21)分、SAS评分(54.25±1.20)分、SDS评分(55.42±1.08)分、血乳酸(2.44±0.20)mmol/L、血清NO(78.33±2.30)umol/L,二者相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
结论:MELAS综合症临床特点复杂多样,结合病理特点、分子生物学特点、影像学特点将有助于临床诊断工作开展,虽然现有临床中已经研发出多种治疗方案,但是药物治疗仍然是目前国内外医学界首选治疗手段,而鸡尾酒疗法治疗该病症能够取得令患者及临床满意的疗效,可作为MELAS综合症临床治疗的优选方案推广使用。
关键词:线粒体脑肌病伴高乳酸血症和卒中样发作;临床;病理;基因
I
MELAS syndrome in the clinical, pathological and genetic analysis
and treatment
Abstract
Objective: to summarize the brain mitochondria myopathy with high lactic acidosis and stroke sample seizures (Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy - latic axidosis - strokelike episode came, MELAS) the clinical features, pathological characteristics, molecular biology characteristics, imaging characteristics and treatment methods and analyze the cocktail therapy in MELAS syndrome clinical application value.
Methods: collected from existing literature and MELAS syndrome in the clinical, pathological and genetic analysis, treatment methods, such as Angle, to summarize each part. Then select from May 2014 to May 2016 were as the research object, and 30 patients with MELAS syndrome in patients in our hospital ethics committee approval and signing informed consent book imposed cocktail therapy, use of drugs including lipoic acid 300 mg/d + coenzyme Q10 soft capsule 240 mg/d + inosine tablets 3 g/d + 0.8 g/d butyl phthalide, with 12 d as a treatment cycle, continue to compare the clinical curative effect after the treatment of five course.
Results: 30 cases of MELAS syndrome patients quality of life scores (77.84 + 1.16) points, SAS, SDS score (64.33 + 1.12) points score (64.38-1.15), blood lactic acid (3.35 + 0.15) tendency, serum NO L (50.22 + 2.27) umol/L, quality of life scores after five courses of treatment (88.69 + 1.21) points, SAS, SDS score (54.25 + 1.20) points score (55.42-1.08), blood lactic acid (2.44 + 0.20) tendency, serum NO L (78.33 + 2.30) umol/L, compared the two, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: the combination of MELAS syndrome complex and varied clinical features, pathological characteristics and molecular biology characteristics, imaging characteristics will help clinical diagnosis work, even though the existing clinical has
II
developed a variety of treatments, but drug treatment is still the preferred medical treatment at home and abroad, and the cocktail therapy to treat the illness can make patients and clinical satisfactory curative effect, can be used as MELAS syndrome clinical treatment solutions to promote.
Keywords: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy - latic axidosis - strokelike episode came; Clinical; Pathology. gene
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目 录
摘 要 ........................................................................................................................... I Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II 1 引言 ........................................................................................................................... 1 2 MELAS综合症的临床、病理及基因分析 ............................................................. 3
2.1MELAS综合症的临床特点 ............................................................................. 3 2.2MELAS综合症的病理特点 ............................................................................. 3 2.3MELAS综合症的分子生物学特点 ................................................................. 4 2.4MELAS综合症影像学特点 ............................................................................. 5 2.5MELAS综合症的治疗方法 ............................................................................. 6 3 MELAS综合症的临床治疗 ................................................................................... 11
3.1一般资料......................................................................................................... 11 3.2方法................................................................................................................. 11 3.3观察指标......................................................................................................... 11 3.4统计学方法..................................................................................................... 12 4 结果 ......................................................................................................................... 13
4.1治疗前后生活质量比较................................................................................. 13 4.2治疗前后SAS评分、SDS评分比较 ........................................................... 13 4.3治疗前后血乳酸、血清NO比较 ................................................................. 13 5 讨论 ......................................................................................................................... 15 6 结论 ......................................................................................................................... 19 参考文献...................................................................................................................... 20 文献综述 ..................................................................................................................... 23 参考文献...................................................................................................................... 30 致 谢 ......................................................................................................................... 31
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1 引言
MELAS综合症最早报道于上个世纪八十年代,为线粒体脱氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)突变所致的一种疾病,除了线粒体结构以及功能由此而发生异常改变外,还会累及大脑中枢神经系统以及全身肌肉组织,给患者正常工作生活以及身心发育造成严重影响。既往医学界认为MELAS综合症是一种先天性遗传性疾病,但是随着临床研究的深入开展,人们发现当线粒体基因或者是细胞核基因在长期处于缺氧缺血状态、受到炎症感染或者是有毒物质蓄积而发生中毒后同样会导致基因发生突变,继而影响线粒体结构以及功能的正常运转,所以后天因素诱发的MELAS综合症同样不容忽视[1]。目前国内外大量的临床研究证实MELAS综合症最常累及大脑中枢神经以及肌肉系统,其他系统或者是器官受累及的报道较为少见,所以对其临床表现的研究主要集中在上述两方面。受累及器官或者是系统差异的影响,MELAS综合症患者临床表现复杂多样,即使是同样累及中枢神经系统,其临床表现亦存在着不同之处。例如:卒中样发作、癫痫样发作、头痛、下肢无力等。由于其临床表现并无特异性,所以在诊断过程中极其容易与其他具有相似表现的病症相混淆,继而导致误诊情形出现并实施错误的治疗,造成患者病情非但没有得到有效控制,反而进一步恶化,迁延日久之下造成更为严重的影响。为了降低MELAS综合症误诊漏诊情形再次发生,国内外医学界专家学者对于其临床表现展开了深入而系统的分析,将多种临床表现进行归纳处理后概括总结为以下三种,即:抽搐、运动耐受差、智力障碍[2]。
由于MELAS综合症见诸于报道的时间较晚,加之该病症发病率处于较低水平,因而在较长的时间内并未引起我国医学界的重视与关注。但是在步入二十一世纪后,环境污染情形的越发严重,由外部因素所致的MELAS综合症患者数量明显升高。然而,因为国内临床研究起步相对较晚,所以在MELAS综合症的诊断方面经验相对较为匮乏,误诊情形屡屡见诸于报道,引起了患者及社会各界的高度关注,同时由此所致的医患纠纷频频发生,给卫生医疗机构正常工作开展及社会形象均带来了较为严重的阻碍。所以,提高MELAS综合症临床诊断准确率已经成为当前医学界面临的一个不可回避的现实问题。尤其是MELAS综合症常常累及多个系统,单纯依靠临床表现并不能够加以准确诊断,而影像学检查虽然
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MELAS综合症的临床、病理及基因分析、治疗方法



