自考综合英语（二）题型备考

Word came that he was needed at home. The question whether or not I should help him in such a case troubled me greatly.

注意区分定语从句和同位语从句。

The idea that girls are not as clever as boys is harmful.（同位语从句） The idea that struck him startled his parents.（定语从句）

在名词性从句中 “疑问词ever”不能换成”no matter+疑问词”,视情况可以换成 “anyone /anybody who”或”anything that”, 在状语从句中可以换用．

Exercises

1. We give a helping hand to ______ needs our help. A. no matter who B. whoever C. whomever D. no matter whom 2. _______ wants to come to our class is welcome. A. anybody who B. whoever C. whomever D. both A and B B D

3. _______ you go, I will go with you.

A. no matter where B. wherever C. any place where D. both A and B

4. If you like it, _______ it is, I will buy it for you.

A. what B. whatever C. no matter what D. both B and C D D

附加疑问句/反疑疑问句

1.当主语部分是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody 等词，附加疑问句的主语在非正式文体中用they,正式文体用he or she或者用he. Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?

2.陈述部分是there 存在句，附加疑问句的主语也用there. There is no help for it, is there?

3.如果陈述部分是Ｉam 结构，附加疑问部分用aren’t I. I am late, aren’t I?

4.如果陈述部分用不定代词作主语，附加疑问部分在正式场合用one，非正式场合用you. One can’t be too careful, can one/ can you?

5.陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing 等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问句的动词用肯定形式． Bob rarely got drunk, did he?

如果陈述部分含带有否定前缀的词，附加疑问句用否定形式． He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he?

6. 当陈述部分的主语是I suppose, I think, I believe时，附加疑问部分与that从句中的主语和谓语动词保持一致，但要注意否定的转移．主语为第二、三人称时根据主句来定。 Ｉsuppose he is serious, isn’t he? I don’t think she cares, does she? You think she is wrong, don’t you?

He thinks that Mary won’t come, doesn’t he?

7.带有情态动词ought to，附加疑问句在英国英语中用ought to 表示，美国英语中用 should表示．

The child ought to be punished, oughtn’t/shouldn’t he?

8.陈述部分带有情态动词needn’t时，附加疑问句常用need, 有时也可用must. You needn’t go yet, need you?

陈述部分有must表示必须时，附加疑问句用mustn’t; mustn‘t 表示”禁止”时，附加疑问句用must.表示推测时，根据具体时间而定。 You must work hard, mustn’t you? You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?

He must have waited here for an hour, _______ ? (2003/4) A. didn’t he B. mustn’t he C. hasn’t he D. must he A

9.陈述部分带有情态动词used to时，附加疑问句可用used to形式或did形式． The Allens used to live in the country, usedn’t they/didn’t they?

10.Let us go home, shall we? Let us go there, will you?

Don’t forget to close the door, will you? Come in, will you/won’t you?

考试重点：出现’s和‘d时关键是判断是什么缩写形式。例如：

It’s a long time since we met last time, _______?

It’s been a long time since we met last time, ________? He’d better come to the interview in time, ________? I’d rather you went go there now, ________? isn’t it hasn’t it hadn’t he wouldn’t I

主谓一致

1. many a, more than one +单数名词，谓语仍然用单数． Many a soldier has sacrificed his life for the revolution. 2. either of +复数名词，谓语动词用单数． Has either of your parents visited you?

3. and; both and 连接两个单数形式的名词词组，谓语动词用复数．当主语在意义上指同一人，同一物或同一概念时，谓语用单数． A boy and a girl want to go.

A cart and horse is what he needs now.

在英语中，有不少像a cart and horse这种表示单数概念的短语，如： a needle and thread a knife and fork a watch and chain a cup and saucer

即使这种表示单数概念的短语中有复数名词，谓语动词仍然用单数形式，如： Danish bacon and eggs makes a good solid English breakfast．

More examples: bread and butter, trial and error, law and order, toast and marmalade, fish and chips

4. each and each; every and every 等结构后，谓语用单数． Each man and (each) woman is asked to help.

5.主语后面有as well as; together with; along with; rather than等词组，谓语的单复数有主语来决定．

6. one of＋复数名词＋关系分句结构，如先行词为复数名词，谓语则为复数．当前面有the only/very等限定词修饰，谓语用单数．

Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.

He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment. 7.靠近原则：

由 not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor 或 or 连接的并列主语，通常根据 就近一致 原则，谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定。例如： He or you have taken my pen.

Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it . One or two days are enough to visit the city. 8. 由 “a number of, a total of + 复数名词 ” 作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；由 “the number of, the total of+ 复数名词 ” ，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： A number of students are waiting for the bus.

The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.

Exercises

1. ____ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing. A) None B) Either C) Both D) Neither

2 If law and order ____ not preserved, people will not be able to live a secure life.

A) are B) were C) is D) was

3. The movies star as well as a lot of fans ____ photographed a lot by TV stations and newspapers. A) were B) was C) had D) has D C B

倒装句

1. 代词neither, nor, no more用于后面分句句首，且前面分句必须是否定句，这时后面分句不仅用倒装结构，而且时态（包括助动词）必须和前句一致。so被用作句首的分句前面必须是肯定句。

例：1) She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.

２) The organization had broken no rules but neither had it acted responsibility. ３) John had been working hard and so had his brother.

2. 虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if时， were, had 和should 要移至主语之前。 例:1) Had I known it, I should have told him.

2) Were he to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem.

3) Had it not been for the reservoir, we had never have been able to beat the drought. 某些条件从句

例：All right, if stay you must, go and sit down properly over there.

3. 句首为否定词和带有否定意义的词或短语作状语或宾语时，常用部分倒装。 常用于这一结构的词语有：

little, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, seldom, few, hardly, never, under no circumstances, on no account, in no way, at no point, at no time, in no sense, at no/other time, by no means,

barely/hardly/scarcely … when, not until much/even/still less, no longer, not a single word, not often, 等。

4. only位于句子开头， 如果修饰介词短语或状语从句，那么句子应倒装。 例： Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able make himself heard. Only引导的从句位于句首,主语应倒装.

Only when she came home did he learn the news.

5. so / such …that结构中的 so放在句首时， 需要倒装。 例：1) So absurd did he look that everyone stared at him. . ２) Such a good student was she that all the teachers liked her.

6. 在as引导的让步状语从句中形容词、名词或副词常移至从句之首，起强调作用。 例：１) Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.

２) Child as the little girl is, she knows several foreign languages. 3) Much as I dislike him, I will help him when he is in trouble. 4) Try as he did, he failed again.

7. 句首为many a time, to such an extent, to such a degree, to such a point 等状语时，句子需要部分倒装。

例： To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t go to sleep that night.

8. 在某些表示祝愿的句子中使用倒装。 例：1) May you live a long and happy life!

9.介词词组放在句首．

例：In front of the house stands a tree. 练习

1. She never laughed, _____ lose her temper. A) or she ever did B) nor did she ever C) or did she ever D) nor she ever did

2. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _____ we all sat down to rest. A) when B) then C) than D) until

3. _____ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now. A) Had it not been B) It were not C) Weren’t it D) Had not it been B C A

4. _____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. A) Not being B) Had it not been C) Without being D) Not having been

5. Only under special circumstances _____ to take make-up tests. A) are freshmen permitted B) freshmen are permitted C) permitted are freshmen D) are permitted freshmen B A

6. We have been told that under no circumstances _____ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

A) may we use B) we may use C) we could use D) did we use

7. So confused _____ that he didn’t know how to start his lecture. A) since he became B) would he become C) that he became D) did he become A D

8. _____ right now, she would get there on Sunday. (96/06/42) A) Would she leave B) If she leaves C) Were she to leave D) If she had left

9. Not only _____ us light, but it gives us heat. A) did the sun give B) the sun gives C) gives the sun D) does the sun give 10. _____, Tom knows something of electricity. A) As he is a child B) As child he is C) A child as he is D) Child as he is C D D