English Basic Tenses (时态)& Voices(语态）
实义动词和系动词:
系动词亦称连系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
实义动词意思完全，能独立用作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词（及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词；不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词） 即行为动词,表示动作的动词。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种。
实义动词 verb: 表示动作和状态的词，动词有时态，语态，人称，语气的变化。 动词的分类: 1）实义动词
1.1 及物动词（vt.）
动词后要求有宾语，否则意思不完整。及物动词可有被动结构。 She studies English very hard.
I always review my lessons in the evening. 及物动词的另两种结构： a. 接双宾语S+V+O+O
I will tell you a story about LeiFeng.
这类动词有leave, show, bring, lend, teach, tell, hand, write... He gave me a dictionary yesterday. Miss Li teaches us English . b. 动词加宾补 S+V+O+C
They call him LaoWang. We make our school beautiful.
He asked me to send him a message. We selected him our monitor. 此句也可以换为：
He was selected our monitor.（本句是被动句，our monitor 是he 的补语，也称为主语补足语）
不及物动词指不可带宾语的动词。不可以有被动语态。
The sun rises in the east. He came last month. He works hard. 系动词 link verb
连系动词只起连系作用，虽有意义但是不能单独作谓语。后面必须加表语一起构成谓语。 ①变化类 become (成为)，get(变得) ，turn（变为），grow（变得），come(成为)，go(变成，进入...的状态)，fall(变成)
go bad, hungry, mad, wrong, fall ill/ asleep ,Your dream will come true one day.
②感官类 look(看起来)，sound（听起来），feel（觉得），taste(尝起来)，smell(闻起来) Roses smell sweet. She felt a bit tired.
You look so beautiful today. This song sounds familiar to me. ③显得类 seem, appear, look
It looks as if ....It seems that...It appears that.. ④状态类 keep, stay, remain, lie, sit ,stand
The weather will remain hot for another two days. 时态和语态的主要考点
1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、
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过去将来时等。
2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。 3、延续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。 4、及物动词（vt.)的被动语态。
5、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。 Fill in the blanks.
I _____ (study) hard abroad every day and I _____ (get) along well with my roommates, but sometimes I _____ (miss) my families. 一般现在时 ( The Present Indefinite )
1)表经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如always, often/ usually/frequently, sometimes, every…, at …,on Sundays/…. Correct the sentence.
The geography teacher told us that the earth moved around the sun. _______ 2)表客观事实、普遍真理。
注意：主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it或单个的人名、单个的事物名称）谓语动词+s/es,其余人称作主语谓语动词用原形.
The shop will close at 9:00 p.m. _____ 3) 表示按计划、规定，时间表将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等位移/终止性动词，常与时间状语连用． The train leaves at 6 tomorrow morning.
When does the bus start? It starts in 2 minutes. 现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)
1) 表示现在这个时刻( 指说话时)正在发生的事情。 We ___________ (have) English class now.
2) 表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。 She ___________ (learn) piano under Mr. Smith at present. Translate the sentence.
The girl is always talking loud in public.这个女孩老是在公共场所高谈阔论。
★进行时态与always, often/usually/ frequently/ constantly/all the time等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩 3) 现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的
动作,多用于位移/终止性动词,如: come, go, arrive, leave, stay, fly, take off. I____________ (leave) tomorrow._____ you _______ (stay) here till next week? 4.现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化的事情。 It’s late Autumn. The weather is getting colder and colder. Correct the sentence.
All the students here is belonging to No.1 Middle School. ________ 一般情况下，下面4类动词无进行时态：
(1)表心理状态、情感的动词：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。(2) 表存在的状态动词：have, appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on。(3) 瞬间动词：begin/start, allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。(4)感官动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
Tips:现在进行时的标志：Now, right now, at this moment, look, listen… 现在进行时和一般现在时的比较
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①暂时性动作和经常性动作
The computer is working perfectly. 计算机运转得很好。（暂时） The computer works perfectly. 计算机运转很好。（一直如此） ②持续性动作和短暂性动作
The bus is stopping. 车停了下来。（渐渐地） The bus stops. 车停了。（迅速） ③暂时性动作和永久性动作
She is living in the country. 她现在住在农村。（暂时） She lives in the country. 她住在农村。（永久） ④有感情色彩和没有感情色彩
He is doing well at school. 他在学校表现很好。（赞扬） He does well at school. 他在学校表现很好。（一般事实） 现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense)
1). 现在完成时表示从过去开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态, 通常用于延续性动词. 常与表一段时间的状语连用,如:so far, up to/till now, lately/recently, in/during/over the last/past …, since…, for … 等．
He __________ (live) in Guiyang over the past 6 years.
2).表示过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语有: just ,already, yet, ever, never, once，twice，many times等.
We _______ (finish) our lunch already.______ you ever _____ (try) this method?
注意：非延续性/瞬间/终止性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用于完成时态中，即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
如：begin/start, find, see, marry, buy，borrow, return, die, get等。 I have received his letter for a month. （错）
I haven't received his letter for almost a month. （对） Let’s practice
1.Daniel __________ (live) in Beijing since he came to China.
2.The boys are tired. They _______________ (just play) a ball game.
3. I went to Egypt in 1986. Then in 2004 I went there again. I ________ (be) to Egypt twice. since和for 填空
since +______ , 用来说明动作起始时间, for+_______ , 用来说明动作延续时间。 I have lived here ____ at least twenty years. I have lived here ____ I was born. Tips:固定的特殊句型：
1).It is (has been) +一段时间 +since-clause.
2)This (That/It) is the first (second…) time + that-clause (现在完成时). 例子： It has been a long time since I saw you in UK. This is the first tine that I have been to Mazhang. Multiple choice
--- Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
--- I am tired. I _____ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
Now that she is out of a job, Lucy______ going back to school, but she _______ yet. A. had considered, hadn’t decided B. has been considering, hasn’t decided C. considered, didn’t decide D. is going to consider, won’t decide
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2016高考复习动词时态语态导学案
