2010年3月全国计算机等级考试二级C语言笔试真题及参考答案

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Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic controltechnology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can stillsuccessfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \hen the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begnd 2010年3月全国计算机等级考试二级C语言笔试真题及参考答案一、选择题

（1）下列叙述中正确的是

A）对长度为n的有序链表进行查找，最坏清况下需要的比较次数为n

B）对长度为n的有序链表进行对分查找，最坏情况下需要的比较次数为（n/2） C）对长度为n的有序链表进行对分查找，最坏情况下需要的比较次数为（log2n） D）对长度为n的有序链表进行对分查找，最坏情况下需要的比较次数为（nlog2n）（2）算法的时间复杂度是指

A）算法的执行时间 B）算法所处理的数据量

C）算法程序中的语句或指令条数 D）算法在执行过程中所需要的基本运算次数

（3）软件按功能可以分为：应用软件、系统软件和支撑软件（或工具软件）。下面属于系统软件的是 A）编辑软件 B）操作系统 C）教务管理系统 D）浏览器（4）软件（程序）调试的任务是

A）诊断和改正程序中的错误 B）尽可能多地发现程序中的错误 C）发现并改正程序中的所有错误 D）确定程序中错误的性质（5）数据流程图（DFD图）是

A）软件概要设计的工具 B）软件详细设计的工具

C）结构化方法的需求分析工具 D）面向对象方法的需求分析工具（6）软件生命周期可分为定义阶段，开发阶段和维护阶段。详细设计属于 A）定义阶段 B）开发阶段 C）维护阶段 D）上述三个阶段（7）数据库管理系统中负责数据模式定义的语言是

A）数据定义语言B）数据管理语言C）数据操纵语言D）数据控制语言（8）在学生管理的关系数据库中，存取一个学生信息的数据单位是 A）文件B）数据库C）字段D）记录

（9）数据库设计中，用E-R图来描述信息结构但不涉及信息在计算机中的表示，它属于数据库设计的 A）需求分析阶段B）逻辑设计阶段C）概念设计阶段D）物理设计阶段（10）有两个关系R和T如下：

则由关系K得到关系T的操作是 A）选择B）投影C）交D）并（11）以下叙述正确的是

A）C语言程序是由过程和函数组成的 B） C语言函数可以嵌套调用，例如：fun(fun(x)) C）C语言函数不可以单独编译 D）C语言中除了main函数，其他函数不可作为单独文件形式存在（12）以下关于C语言的叙述中正确的是

A）C语言中的注释不可以夹在变量名或关键字的中间 B）C语言中的变量可以在使用之前的任何位置进行定义

C）在C语言算术表达式的书写中，运算符两侧的运算数类型必须一致 D）C语言的数值常量中夹带空格不影响常量值的正确表示

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) theofficial designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic controltechnology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can stillsuccessfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \hen the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand （13）以下C语言用户标识符中，不合法的是 A）_1 B）AaBc C）a_b D）a-b

（14）若有定义：double a=22;int i=0,k=18;，则不符合C语言规定的赋值语句是 A）a=a++,i++; B）i=（a+k）<=（i+k）; C）i=a; D）i＝!a; （15）有以下程序＃include main（） { char a,b,c,d;

scanf（“%c%c”,&a,&b）; c=getchar（）; d=getchar（）; printf（“%c%c%c%c\\n”,a,b,c,d）; }

当执行程序时，按下列方式输入数据（从第1列开始，代表回车，注意：回车也是一个字符） 12 34 则输出结果是

A）1234 B）12 C）12 3 D）12 34 （16）以i关于C语言数据类型使用的叙述中错误的是 A）若要准确无误差的表示自然数，应使用整数类型 B）若要保存带有多位小数的数据，应使用双精度类型

C）若要处理如“人员信息”等含有不同类型的相关数据，应自定义结构体类型 D）若只处理“真”和“假”两种逻辑值，应使用逻辑类型

（17）若a是数值类型，则逻辑表达式（a==1）||（a!=1）的值是 A）1 B）0 C）2 D）不知道a的值，不能确定

（18）以下选项中与if（a==1）a=b; else a++;语句功能不同的switch语句是 A）switch（a） {case:a=b;break; default:a++; ｝

B）switch（a==1） {case 0:a=b;break; case 1:a++; }

C）switch（a） {default:a++;break; case 1:a=b; }

D）switch（a==1） {case 1:a=b;break; case 0:a++; }

（19）有如下嵌套的if语句 if （a

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) theofficial designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic controltechnology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design n the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can stillsuccessfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \hen the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand else k=c; else

if（b

以下选项中与上述if语句等价的语句是 A）k＝（a＜b）？a:b;k＝（b＜c）？b:c;

B）k＝（a＜b）？（（b＜c）？a:b）:（（b＞c）？b:c）; C）k＝（a＜b）？（（a＜c）？a:）:（（b＜c）？b:c）; D）k＝（a＜b）？a:b;k=（a＜c）？a:c; （20）有以下程序＃include＜s七dio.h＞ main（）｛in i,j,m=1; for（i=1;i＜3;i++）｛for（j=3;j＞O;j--） {if（i*j）＞3）break; m=i*j; } }

printf（\＼n\）; ｝

程序运行后的输出结果是 A）m=6 B）m=2 C）m=4 D）m=5

（21）有以下程序＃include（stdio.h＞ main（）｛int a＝l;b＝2;

for（;a＜8;a++）｛b+=a;a+=2;｝ printf（\，%d＼n\，a，b）; }

程序运行后的输出结果是

A）9，11 B）8，11 C）7，11 D）10，14 （22）有以下程序，其中k的初值为八进制数 #include main（）｛int k＝011；

printf（\＼n\，k++）; ｝

程序运行后的输出结果是 A）12 B）11 C）10 D）9

A）char *s;s=\ B）char s[7];s=\ C）char *s;s=｛\｝; D）char s[7];s=｛\｝; （24）以下关于return语句的叙述中正确的是 A）一个自定义函数中必须有一条return语句

B）一个自定义函数中可以根据不同情况设置多条return语句 C）定义成void类型的函数中可以有带返回值的return语句 D）没有return语句的自定义函数在执行结束时不能返回到调用处（25）下列选项中，能正确定义数组的语句是 A）int num[0..2008]； B）int num[];

C）int N=2008; int num[N]; D）#define N 2008 int num[N]; （26）有以下程序 #include void fun（char *c,int d） {*c=*c+1;d=d+1; printf（\）; main（）

｛char b='a',a='A'；

fun（&b,a）;printf（\＼n\，a）; ｝

程序运行后的输出结果是

A）b，B，b，A B）b，B，B，A C）a，B，B，a D）a，B，a，B

（27）若有定义int(*Pt)[3]；，则下列说法正确的是 A）定义了基类型为int的三个指针变量

B）定义了基类型为int的具有三个元素的指针数组pt C）定义了一个名为*pt、具有三个元素的整型数组

D）定义了一个名为pt的指针变量，它可以指向每行有三个整数元素的二维数组（28）设有定义double a[10],*s=a;，以下能够代表数组元素a[3]的是 A）(*s)[3] B）*(s+3) C）*s[3] D）*s+3 （29）有以下程序＃include（stdio.h） main（）

｛int a[5]=｛1,2,3,4,5｝,b[5]＝｛O,2,1,3,0｝,i,s＝0; for（i＝0;i＜5;i++） s＝s+a[b[i]]）; printf（\＼n\）; }

程序运行后的输出结果是

A）6 B）10 C）11 D）15 （30）有以下程序＃include main（）

｛int b [3][3]=｛O,1,2,0,1,2,O,1,2｝,i,j,t=1; for（i=0;i<3;i++）

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) theofficial designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic controltechnology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design n the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can stillsuccessfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \hen the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand for（j=ij<=1;j++） t+=b[i][b[j][i]]; printf（\）; ｝

程序运行后的输出结果是 A）1 B）3 C）4 D）9 （31）若有以下定义和语句

char s1[10]=\

printf（\（s1）,strlen（s2））; 则输出结果是

A）5 5 B）10 5 C）10 7 D）5 8 （32）有以下程序 #include #define N 8

void fun（int *x,int i）｛*x=*（x＋i）;｝ main（）

{int a[N]=｛1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8｝,i; fun（a,2）;

for（i=O;i＜N／2;i++）｛printf（\）;｝ printf（\）; ｝

程序运行后的输出结果是

A）1313 B）2234 C）3234 D）1234 （33）有以下程序 #include int f（int t[],int n）; main

{ int a[4]={1,2,3,4},s;

s=f（a,4）; printf（\）; }

int f（int t[],int n）