题型突破(十) 词义猜测之句意猜测题
A
(2017·溧阳竹箦中学检测)
Have you ever picked a job based on the fact that you were good at it but later found it made you feel very uncomfortable over time？When you select your career，there’s a whole lot more to it than assessing your skills and matching them with a particular position. If you ignore your personality，it will hurt you long-term regardless of your skills or the job’s pay.There are several areas of your personality that you need to consider to help you find a good job.Here are a few of those main areas：
·Do you prefer working alone or with other people?
There are isolating(使孤立) jobs that will drive an outgoing person crazy and also interactive jobs that will make a shy person uneasy.Most people are not extremes in either direction but do have a tendency that they prefer.There are also positions that are sometimes a combination of the two，which may be best for someone in the middle who adapts easily to either situation. ·How do you handle change?
Most jobs these days have some elements of change to them，but some are more than others.If you need stability in your life，you may need a job where the changes don’t happen so often.Other people would be bored of the same daily routine. ·Do you enjoy working with computers?
I do see this as a kind of personality characteristic.There are people who are happy to spend more than 40 hours a week on a computer，while there are others who need a lot of human interaction throughout the day.Again，these are extremes and you’ll likely find a lot of positions somewhere in the middle as well.
·What type of work environment do you enjoy?
This can range from being in a large building with a lot of people you won’t know immediately to a smaller setting where you’ll get to know almost all the people there fairly quickly.
·How do you like to get paid?
Some people are motivated by the pay they get，while others feel too stressed to be like that.The variety of payment designs in the sales industry is a typical example for this.
Anyway，these are a great starting point for you.I’ve seen it over and over again with people that they make more money over time when they do something they love.It may take you a little longer，but making a move to do what you have a passion for can change the course of your life for the better.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述工作和个性之间的关系。要找一份好工作，考虑自己的个性是很有必要的。
1．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Before you select your job，you should assess your skills and match them with your position. B．There are more important things than assessing skills and match them with the position when you select your job.
C．Nothing is important than assessing skills and match them with the position when you select your job.
D．You should ignore your skills when you select your job. 答案 B
解析 句意猜测题。理解该句关键在于more than“不仅仅，超过”，且下文讲到考虑个性也是找工作必不可少的。所以该句句意为：在选择职业的时候，不仅仅要考虑技术以及技术与工作的对口。故正确答案为B。 2．What is the best title for this passage? A．Lifestyles and Job Pay B．Jobs and Environment C．Job Skills and Abilities D．Personalities and Jobs 答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了人的个性和工作之间的关系。故正确答案为D。
B
(2017·江苏高考压轴卷)
One hundred years ago，“Colored” was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent.Twenty years later，it was purposefully dropped to make way for “Negro”．By the late 1960s，that term was overtaken by “Black”．And then，at a press conference in Chicago in 1988，Jesse Jackson declared that “African American” was the term to welcome.This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups，such as “Italian Americans” and “Irish Americans”，that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.
A century’s worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise.A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term “Black” carried connotations(涵义) that were more negative than those of “African American”．
But if it was known that “Black” people were viewed differently from “African Americans”，researchers，until now，hadn’t identified what that gap in perception was derived from.A recent study，conducted by Emory University’s Erika Hall，found that “Black” people are viewed more negatively than “African Americans” because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status.As a result，“Black” people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.
The study’s most striking findings shed light on the racial discriminations permeating the professional world.Even seemingly harmless details on a CV，it appears，can tap into recruiters’(招聘人员) discriminations.A job application might mention affiliations(关系) with groups such as the “Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers” or the “National Black Employees Association”，the names of which apparently have consequences，and are also beyond their members’ control.
In one of the study’s experiments，subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams.To one group，he was identified as “African-American”，and another was told he was “Black”．With little else to go on，they were asked to estimate Mr Williams’ salary，professional standing，and educational background.
The “African-American” group estimated that he earned about 37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree.The “Black” group，on the other hand，put his salary at about 29,000，and guessed that he had only “some” college experience.Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr Williams worked at a managerial level，while only 38.5 percent of the
second group thought so.
Hall’s findings suggest there’s an argument to be made for electing to use “African American”，though one can’t help but get the sense that it’s a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress.Perhaps a new phrase is needed，one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois’ original，idealistic hope：“It’s not the name—it’s the Thing that counts.”
语篇解读 本文是关于种族歧视的议论文，探讨了非洲血统的美国人被称为“黑人”和“非裔美国人”时人们的不同态度。
3．We can conclude from Erika Hall’s findings that . A．racial discriminations are widespread in the professional world B．many applicants don’t attend to details on their CVs C．job seekers should all be careful about their affiliations D．most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases 答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The study’s most striking findings shed light on the racial discriminations permeating the professional world.”可知研究最引人注目的发现是揭示了种族歧视渗透到职业世界。故选A项。
4．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Jesse Jackson embraced the term “African American” because it is free from discrimination. B．The naming of any ethnic(种族) group is politically sensitive.
C．Before the study conducted by Erika Hall，researchers had identified the causes of the gap in perception of racial discrimination.
D．A man identified as “African American” is thought of as more capable than he is identified as “Black”． 答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“But if it was known that ‘Black’ people were viewed differently from ‘African Americans’，researchers，until now，hadn’t identified what that gap in perception was derived from.”可知，如果人们知道“黑人”与“非裔美国 人”有着不同的
看法，那么研究人员到目前为止还没有意识到这种差异是由何产生。故C项是不正确的。 5．Erika Hall’s experiment about a man with the last name Williams indicates that . A．African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups B．black people’s socioeconomic status in America remains low
C．people’s conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled D．one’s professional standing and income are related to their educational background 答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，种族歧视影响着人们的求职。又根据第五、六段举的例子可知，人们对一个人的认识是与这个人被贴上的标签紧密相关的。故选C项。 6．From the underlined sentences in the last paragraph，we can know that Dr Du Bois’ hope is .
A．all Americans enjoy equal rights B．a person is judged by their worth
C．a new term is created to address African Americans D．all ethnic groups share the nation’s continued progress 答案 B
解析 句意猜测题。根据文章最后一段可知，Dr Du Bois希望判断一个人不是根据他的名称而是根据这个人创造的价值。故选B项。
C
(2017·姜堰、如东、沭阳、前黄四校联考)
At a time when many students still see college as their best hope for a rewarding career，higher education has become more expensive，far more than the steady increase in the cost of living.As a consequence，average student debt at graduation is currently pushing 30,000.In some cases，student debt reaches six figures.
But falling beyond the reach of these frightening statistics are many capable students who don’t accumulate student debt because they can’t afford to go to college in the first place.
Which raises a question：Wouldn’t our nation be better off if all American students were encouraged，or even assisted，by public policy to push their intellectual capacities to their maximums？What if all higher education in our country were extremely affordable？Or even free?
As it happens，the Associated Press reported that both Oregon and Tennessee are considering
2018年高考英语专题三 阅读理解 第三步 题型突破(十) Word版含答案
