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~I found her in better spirits when we met again. 再次见面时我发现她精神好些了。 This placed her in a very difficult position. 这使她处境很困难。 They soon got the fire under control. 他们不久就控制了火势
2 其他句子成分
1.6 There be 句型
1.6.1 解析
There be 表示“某地/某时有”。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词“there那里”混淆,很多同学把它翻译成“那有”,实际是有问题的。此结构后跟名词,表示(存在)有某事物,如:
(1)There is a boy there. 那儿有一个男孩。 前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词“那里”。
1.7 定语
1.7.1 解析
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,如:something,nothing或不定式,分词短语作定语,从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。形容词,介词短语,名词,不定式,分词,从句都可以充当定语成分,如:
类型 形容词作定语 介词短语作定语 名词作定语 不定式作The boy to write this letter needs a pen. 写这封信的男孩需要The boy needs a ball pen. 男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 The boy in blue is Tom. 穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 例句 The little boy needs a blue pen. 小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。
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定语 现在分词作定语 从句作定语
一支钢笔。 The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. 那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。 The boy who is reading needs a pen.那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔。 1.8 状语
1.8.1 解析
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间,如:often或程度,如:almost的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。可以充当状语成分的词众多,如: 状语类型 短语表程度状语 介词短语作时间状语 分词作伴随状语 不定式作目的The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。 He sits there, asking for a pen. 他坐在那儿要一支笔。 On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 星期天,教室里没有学生. The boy needs a pen very much. 男孩非常需要一支钢笔。 例句
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状语 从句作时间状语
It was 6:00 P.M. when the boy got home. 当男孩到家的时候已经是晚上6点了。 1.9 同位语
1.9.1 解析
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:
(1)We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。
students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’ (2)We all are students. 我们都是学生。
all是we的同位语,都指同样的“我们”。
3 易错点:系动词的辨别
我们之前讲系动词分为三类,即be动词,感官动词和表转变的几个动词。这里面需要注意的是感官动词中look,smell,feel,以及表转变的动词turn,get都有实意动词的用法,试比较:
1. This kind of cloth feels good. 这种面料摸上去很舒服。(系动词)
The Doom has come. I can feel it! 末日已经降临,我能感受到它。(实意动词) 2. Leaves turn yellow in Autumn. 秋天树叶变黄。 Go along the street and turn right. 沿街走到头右转。
题模
题模一:句子结构
例1.1.1 分析下列句子成分
1. All of us considered him honest.
____________________________________________
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2. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. ____________________________________________
例1.1.2 翻译下列句子 1. 这个村子过去只有一口井。
____________________________________________ 2. 我们叫她爱丽丝。
____________________________________________ 题模二:句子成分
例1.2.1 The weather is _________. A. bad
例1.2.2 I find the movie Harry Potter very _________. I like it very much. A. interest C. bore
例1.2.3 I can't find my pen. Could you help____________ find it? A. me
B. her
C. him
D. them
B. interesting D. boring
B. badly
C. well
D. worse
随堂
随练1.1 划分句子成分
1. The old man lives a lonely life.
____________________________________________
2. He broke a piece of glass.
____________________________________________
3. Our school is not far from my home. ____________________________________________
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4. It is a great pleasure to talk with you ____________________________________________
5. He made it clear that he would leave the city. ____________________________________________
6. I love you more than her child.
____________________________________________
7. Trees turn green when spring comes. ____________________________________________
8. They pushed the door open.
____________________________________________
9. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. ____________________________________________
10. He wrote some letters to his friends carefully. ____________________________________________
随练1.2 The weather here _________. A. is wet and cold B. was wet and cold C. wet and cold D. are wet and cold
随练1.3 Aunt Tina will visit us soon. _________ is arriving tomorrow morning. A. He
随练1.4 My friend show _________ some old photos of his family. A. my
B. I
C. me
D. mine
B. She
C. His
D. Her
英语句子的基本句型和成分(含例题及标准答案解析)



