专题三 阅读理解
近3年阅读理解考情分析 命题角度 年份 体裁 题材 细节理解题 A.应用文2016 B．说明文C．说明文D．记叙文 A.应用文2015 B．说明文C．议论文D．议论文 A.说明文2014 B．议论文C．说明文D．应用文 广告宣传科普说明科普说明人物故事 广告宣传科普说明说理议论说理议论 广告宣传说理议论科普说明人物故事 7 1 4 3 5 2 6 2 8 3 3 1 主旨大意题 推理判断题 词义猜测题 2017年将继续从细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断、词义猜测四个方面考查考考向预测 生的阅读理解能力，考点设置会与2016年基本相同。而从题材来看，广告应用类及说理议论类仍是考查重点。
模式1| 细节理解题
事实认定 通过阅读，认定文中出现的who，what，when，where， which，how等具体事实信息。 解 题 技 数学计算 对文中所涉及的年代、年龄、数量、钱顺序排列 对文中所列举的事实、事项、事件等按图表鉴别 用图表代替具体事实，使文中的某些信息更直观、更形象地得以展现。 款等进行规整、计算、照时间、空间或逻辑换算，得出试题所要求的答案。 顺序的关系进行恰当排序。 (1)略读、跳读，锁定与问题相关的信息范围，定位相关的词语或句子。 (2)读选项，理解各选项的意义，比较各选项的意义差别。 巧 (3)通过直接信息认定、同义替换对应，筛选出正确答案。 (4)重点关注给出的例证、类比、顺序等重要信息点。
[典例1] (2016·江苏高考·B)Chimps (黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct (本能) to help one another.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own food.
In the laboratory，chimps don't naturally share food either.If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no greater effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage，he will pull at random—he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children，on the other hand，are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children.He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded.A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (认知的) skills，at least when compared with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomasello，the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.
The core of what children's minds have and chimps' don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking.But beyond that，even very young children want to be part of a shared
purpose.They actively seek to be part of a “we”，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.
58. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps? A．Chimps seldom care about others' interests. B．Chimps tend to provide food for their children. C．Chimps like to take in their neighbors' food. D．Chimps naturally share food with each other.
59．Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they ________． A．have the instinct to help others B．know how to offer help to adults C．know the world better than chimps
D．trust adults with their hands full, 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了黑猩猩与人类的区别——人类从小具有合作、分享、参与意识，而黑猩猩除了在某些方面偶尔有合作外，在其他方面都是各顾各的，非常自私。
58．A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的．..he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish.可知，黑猩猩很自私，这和A项说的“黑猩猩很少关心其他黑猩猩的利益”一致。根据第一段中的Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children...可知，甚至黑猩猩妈妈常拒绝与它们的孩子分享食物，故排除B项；由第二段中的he will pull at random可知，黑猩猩会随意吃别的黑猩猩盘子里的食物，这和C项的“黑猩猩喜欢吃它们的邻居的食物”相悖；根据第一段中的．..they have little instinct to help one another...seek food for themselves.Even...decline to share...可知，它们不愿意分享食物，排除D项。]
59．A [细节理解题。由第三段的From the earliest ages，they desire to help others...可知，孩子很小的时候就知道帮助他人，这和A项意思一致。B项说的how在文章中没有提到，文章只是讲孩子会帮助别人；第四段最后一句提到but were considerably better at understanding the social world，而C选项说world，少了social，故犯了范围过大的错误；D项错在trust，文章没有提到。]
[典例2] (2015·江苏高考·C)Suppose you become a leader in an organization.It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities.To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.For example，people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand their
(江苏专版)2017高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题3阅读理解模式1细节理解题讲练
