名 词
一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别
普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等)。
如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。
二、 可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。
如：book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days 2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。
如：bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes 3. 以\辅音字母+y\结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。
如：city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。
如：half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives 5. 特例 [悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。] ① child → children
② man → men woman → women policeman → policemen policewoman-policewomen
③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes [悄悄话： 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo → photos ]
④ foot → feet tooth → teeth [悄悄话： oo变成ee。] ⑤ mouse-mice
⑥ fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 [悄悄话： 变复数时词形不变。] ⑦ people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指\多个民族\。
三、 不可数名词
1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 如：The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义发生变化。 如：water (水) → waters (水域) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)
3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。 如：fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs
写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
*** 用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill? 2. There is some________(food) in the basket. 3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle. 5. There are five________(people ) in his family. 6. Let's take________(photo), OK? 7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now. 10. Their________(dictionary) look new.
11. I see you have a few white________(hair). 12. They are________(woman) doctors.
13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please? 14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.
一般现在时
一般现在时的功能
1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与 always，often，usually，every day，sometimes等连用。 如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
2.表示客观事实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 3.用在格言或谚语中。如：Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词：
陈述句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。 如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。
如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。 如：Where is my bike?
2.行为动词：
陈述句：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如：We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加\或\。 如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。 如：I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。 如：He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。
如：Do you often play football? Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。
如：Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。 如：How does your father go to work?
第三人称单数 动词+s的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
一般现在时练习：
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________look _________ have_______ pass_____ __ carry _ ___come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ___ __ ___(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy ___ __ ____(be) in Class One. 3. We ___ __ ____(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick ___ __ ____(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ____ __ __ they _____ __ ___(like) the World Cup? 6. What ______ __ _they often ____ __ ___(do) on Saturdays?
7. ____ __ ___ your parents ____ __ ___(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl ____ __ ___(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ___ __ _____(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ______ __ __(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike ___ __ ____(like) cooking.
12. They ___ __ ____(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt ____ __ ___(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always __ __ _____(do) your homework well. 15. I ____ __ ___(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She __ __ _____(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao __ _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often ____ __ ___(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang __ _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. －What day ___ __ ____(be) it today? － It’s Saturday.
三、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ ____________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)
_______________________________________________________ ____________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ ________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________ 五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________ 3. He likes play games after class. __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________
一般过去时
1．一般过去时的功能
（1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
如：We visited our uncle last week.上周我们探望了我们的叔叔。 （2）一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
如：I watched TV every day last month.上个月我每天都看电视。 常和表示过去的时间状语连用
表示过去的时间状语 1、yesterday Yesterday，the day before yesterday，yesterday evening 2、last last night，last+时间(last week , last month, last year) 3、ago a moment ago（=just now），long long ago，“一段时间+ago”表示“……前”。如：three days ago” 4、这一组,是考试常考的,需要特别记忆! this morning，when I was five years old，in +过去时间词(in 1998)，once upon a time(很久以前)
2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。 ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。
⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not（was not=wasn’t ，were not=weren’t），一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？ 如： What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？ 如：Who went to home yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则：
1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 过去时练习
写出下列动词的过去式
is\\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be动词的过去时练习（1）
一、 用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _______ at school just now.
（人教pep版）小学六年级英语毕业考试：小升初英语语法大全（word版）AKHlAP
