五四语法十二 特殊句型
语法考点剖析
考点一 there be句型
主要用来表达“某处有某物、某人或某事”,there无实际意义。be动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的名词或代词的单复数形式决定,也可以根据具体要求有多种时态变化。
There is a small village at the foot of the mountain.山脚下有一个小村庄。 There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两个香蕉。 There is going to be a wonderful concert this weekend.本周末将有一场精彩的音乐会。
★There be句型不能与实义动词have连用,其一般将来时结构为there is/are going to be或there will be。
单项选择
1.(2018·吉林中考改编)Let's save pandas! There only about 2,000 pandas living in the forests now. A.am
B.is
C.are
D.be
2.(2018·吉林长春中考)Nowadays, there more heroes in China. We admire them a lot. A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
考点二 感叹句
1.What + a/an +adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 2.What +adj.+可数名词复数+主语+谓语! 3.What +adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语! 4.How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
(一)单项选择
1.(2018·湖北随州中考)— sweet the flowers smell in spring! —Yes, many tourists come to enjoy them every day. A.What
B.How
C.What a
D.How a
2.(2018·云南中考)— fast China is developing! —Yes, we are so lucky to live in such a great country. A.What (二)完成句子
B.What a
C.How
D.How a
(2018·广东广州中考)我昨晚看的那场电影真好笑! movie I saw last night! 考点三 祈使句
(Please)+动词原形+其他??
祈使句句式?Let+宾语+动词原形+其他
??No+名词/动名词
单项选择
1.(2018·贵州中考)Life is like a journey. ahead, and you will see a lot more beautiful sceneries(风景). A.Plan
B.To plan
C.Planning D.Plans
2.(2018·四川凉山中考)—Mom, can I play computer games this evening? — your homework first, and then we'll talk about it. A.Finishing B.Finish 考点四 倒装句
C.To finish D.Finished
1.“so+助/系/情态动词”表示“也”;“so+主谓句式”表示赞同对方观点。 —It was really hot yesterday.昨天真热。
—So is it today.今天也很热(倒装句)。/So it was.确实如此(表示赞同)。 2.“neither/nor+助/系/情态动词”表示“也不”。 —David hasn't finished his homework. 大卫没有完成作业。 —Neither/Nor has Lucy.露西也没有(完成)。
3.There be句型表示“有”是一个主语在be动词后面的倒装句。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和一些书。 There are some books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有一些书和一支钢笔。
4.副词置于句首时的倒装句以here, there, out, down, now, then等引导,句型有:
??完全倒装:副词+动词+名词? ?部分倒装:副词+代词+动词?
Here comes the bus.车来了。 Here you are.给你。
单项选择
1.(2018·四川达州中考)—I'd love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework . —If you don't go, . A.to do; so do I
B.to do; nor will I D.do; neither am I
C.doing; so will I
2.(2018·四川眉山中考)—Would you like to go to the city park? —I'm not sure. If Mike doesn't, . A.neither I do C.neither I will 考点五 疑问句 1.一般疑问句。
一般疑问句是指由助动词、情态动词、be动词或have引起,通常用Yes或No来回答的疑问句。一般疑问句读的时候往往要用升调,译成汉语的时候常可以译为“……吗?”。 —Are you a student? 你是个学生吗?
—Yes, I am./No, I am not. 是的,我是。/不,我不是。 —Has Mary passed the exam?玛丽通过考试了吗?
—Yes, she has./No, she hasn't.是的,她通过了。/不,她没通过。 2.特殊疑问句。
特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头,用来询问具体的某一方面信息的疑问句。特殊疑问句不可以用Yes或者No回答,必须回答具体的内容。 —What's his name? 他叫什么名字? —His name is Tom. 他的名字是汤姆。 —Who is that boy?那个男孩是谁? —He is my brother.他是我弟弟。
疑问 代词 what什么, what... look like长什么样, who谁, whom谁(who的宾格), which哪个, whose谁的
B.neither do I D.neither will I
疑问 when何时, where何地, how怎么, why为什么 副词 what time什么时候, how many/much多少, how much多少钱, how often疑问 多久一次, how soon再过多久, how long多久, how far多远, how old短语 多大(年龄) 3.选择疑问句。
选择疑问句是在两种或两种以上情况中进行选择的疑问句,不能用Yes/No回答,而是从问句中选择一种情况进行回答。
—Can you speak English or French?你会说英语还是法语? —I can speak English.我会说英语。 4.反意疑问句。
①反意疑问句是提出情况或看法,问对方是否同意的句子。其基本结构为前肯后否;前否后肯;前后(人称、时态)一致。 ②常见的特殊形式:
1)陈述部分含有never, nothing, hardly, seldom, few, little等否定词时,附加问句部分动词用肯定形式。
He has few friends here, does he?他在这儿没什么朋友,是不是?
2)陈述部分含有un-, in-, im-, dis-等否定形式的前缀构成的词汇时,陈述部分看作肯定句,附加问句部分仍然用否定形式。
Jack looks unhappy, doesn't he?杰克看起来不开心,是不是?
3)陈述句是I think, I suppose, I believe, I consider等结构时,附加问句一般与从句保持一致。注意“否定前移”。
I think you can do it better next time, can't you?我觉得你下次可以做得更好,是不是? I don't believe there will be robots at people's homes, will there?我相信人们的家里不会有机器人的,会有吗?
4)祈使句的反意疑问句分两种情况:
??Let's do sth., shall we?? ?其他形式:will you??
③反意疑问句的答语。
一般肯定答语用Yes,否定答语用No。注意前否后肯的反意疑问句答语Yes表示“不”,No表示“是”。 —Bob can swim, can't he?鲍勃会游泳,是不是?
—Yes, he can.是的,他会。
—Bob can't speak Chinese well, can he?鲍勃说不好汉语,是不是? —No, he can't.是的,他说得不好。
单项选择
1.(2018·山东莱芜中考)— have you talked with your friends on WeChat? —Since I finished my homework. A.How far
B.How often
C.How soon
D.How long
2.(2018·甘肃白银中考) pencil is this, Tom's or Henry's? A.What
B.When
C.Who
D.Whose
3.(2018·北京中考)— do you usually go to school, Mary? —By bike. A.When
B.How
C.Where
D.Why
4.(2018·贵州安顺中考)—There is little money for Mr. Lee to buy a ticket for today's show, ? —Exactly! A.are there
B.isn't there
C.aren't there
D.is there