南华大学继续教育学院毕业设计(论文)
南华大学 孙 婷 (护理学 本科)
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小儿腹泻病因、特点及护理研究
南华大学继续教育学院毕业设计(论文)
小儿腹泻病因、特点及护理研究
摘 要:
小儿腹泻病是小儿易发高发病例。通过对住院病例的治疗与观察,得出小儿腹泻护理的一般腹泻护理程序与方法。
关键词:小儿护理 腹泻
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南华大学继续教育学院毕业设计(论文)
INFANTILE DIARRHEA ETIOLOGY,CHARACTERISTICS
AND NURSING RESEARCH
Children with diarrhea in children prone to a high incidence of cases. Treatment of hospitalized
cases observed, the draw the general diarrhea diarrhea in children care nursing procedures and methods.
KEY WORDS Pediatric ,Nursing, diarrhea
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南华大学继续教育学院毕业设计(论文)
目 录
1、概述 ................................................................................................................... 7 2、病因与发病机制 ............................................................................................. 7
2.1、感染因素 ............................................................................................. 7
2.1.1、病毒感染 .................................................................................. 7 2.1.2、细菌感染 .................................................................................. 7 2.1.3、真菌 ........................................................................................... 8 2.1.4、寄生虫 ...................................................................................... 8 2.2、非感染因素 ........................................................................................ 8
2.2.1、饮食护理不当 ......................................................................... 8 2.2. 2、过敏性腹泻 ............................................................................ 8 2.2. 3、原发性或继发性双糖酶(主要是乳糖酶)缺乏或活性降低 ........................................................................................................ 9 2.2.4、气候因素 .................................................................................. 9 2.3、发病机制 ............................................................................................. 9
2.3.1、感染性腹泻 ............................................................................. 9 2.3.2、非感染性腹泻 ....................................................................... 10
3、临床特点 ........................................................................................................ 10
3.1、分类 .................................................................................................... 10
3.1.1、感染性腹泻 ........................................................................... 10 3.1.2、非感染性腹泻 ....................................................................... 10 3.2、分期 .................................................................................................... 10
3.2.1、急性 ......................................................................................... 10 3.2.2、迁延性 .................................................................................... 10
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南华大学继续教育学院毕业设计(论文)
3.2.3、慢性 ......................................................................................... 10 3.3、分型 .................................................................................................... 10
3.3.1、轻型 ......................................................................................... 10 3.3.2、中型 ......................................................................................... 10 3.3.3、重型 ......................................................................................... 10 3.4、几种常见病原所致肠炎的临床特点 ......................................... 11
3.4.1、大肠杆菌肠炎 ....................................................................... 11 3.4.2、空肠弯曲菌肠炎 .................................................................. 11 3.4.3、鼠伤寒沙门菌小肠炎 ......................................................... 11
4、护理问题 ........................................................................................................ 11 5、护理目标 ........................................................................................................ 11 6、护理措施 ........................................................................................................ 12
6.1、预防护理 ........................................................................................... 12 6.2、一般护理 ........................................................................................... 12 6.3、补液护理 ........................................................................................... 13 6.4心理护理 .............................................................................................. 14
6.4.1、语言交流 ................................................................................ 14 6.4.2、技术认可 ................................................................................ 14 6.4.3、行为要求 ................................................................................ 15 6.4.4、家属配合 ................................................................................ 15 6.5、控制腹泻次数,预防继续失水 .................................................. 16
6.5.1、饮食管理 ................................................................................ 16 6.5.2、严密观察病情 ....................................................................... 16 6.5.3、控制感染 ................................................................................ 16 6.6、纠正体液不足的护理按医嘱静脉补液纠正脱水................... 16
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