圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台第4章翻译◆英译汉句子翻译练习1.Farmersusedifferentkindsofsoilconservationmethodstoprotecttheirlandagainstdamagefromfarmingandtheforcesofnature.Oneimportantformofsoilconservationistheuseofwind-breaks.Windbreaksarebarriers(栅栏)formedbytreesandotherplantswithmanyleaves.Farmersplanttheminlinesaroundtheirfields.Windbreaksstopthewindfromblowingsoilaway.81.Theyalsokeepthewindfromdestroyingordamagingcrops.Theyareveryimportantforgrowinggrains,suchaswheat.Therehavebeenstudiesdoneonwindbreaks.82.StudiesinpartsofWestAfrica,forexample.foundthatgrainharvestscanbetwentypercenthigherinfieldsprotectedbywindbreaks.Thiswascomparedtofieldswithoutsuchprotection.Windbreakscanhelpprotectafarmer’sland.83.However,windbreaksseemtoworkbestwhentheyallowalittlewindtopassthrough.Ifthewalloftreesandplantsblocksthewindcompletely.thenviolentairmotionswilltakeplaceclosetotheground.Thesemotionscausethesoiltoliftupintotheairwhereitwillbeblownaway.Forthisreason,awindbreakisbestifithasonlysixtytoeightypercentofthetreesandplantsneededtomakeasolidline.【答案与解析】1/75圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台81.防风林也可以阻止大风毁坏庄家作物。对于像小麦这类正在生长期的作物而言，防风林是至关重要的。（keep...fromdoing“阻止……做……”。）82.例如，对西非部分地区的研究表明有防风林保护的庄家谷物产量相比之下高出20%。83.然而，防风林不让一点儿风进入这种现象看似是最好的。（passthrough“经历；经过”。）练习2.Believeitornot,America’sfavoritesnackfoodisthepotatochip.Thereisastorybehindhowitwasfirstmade.Onemightthinkthatsomethinggeniusthoughtupthefirstpotatochips,butitdidn’thappenthatway.TheMoonLakeRestaurantwasawell-knownrestaurantinNewYorkin1853.ItsmenuincludedFrench-friedpotatoes,apopularfiredrecipebroughtbackfromFrancebyThomasJefferson.Thesewerethicklycutpotatoes,frieduntilgoldenbrownanticrispintheoutside.Oneeveningaguestinthedininghallfeltthathispotatoesweretoothickandsentthembacktothekitchen.81.Thecookslicedsomepotatoesthinnerthanbeforeandpreparedthemforthecomplainingguest.Hewasstillnotsatisfiedandsentthembackagain!Bythistimethecookwasangryanddecidedtodoexactlywhatthedinnerguestwanted:slicethepotatoesasthinaspossible.Thentheywouldbesocrispthatthedinerwouldn’tbeabletousehisforktoeatthem.82.Whenthepaperthinbrownedpotatoesarrivedthedinnerwasleased.Hewassohappywiththemthatotherguestsstartedorderingthenewpotatoes.Thecook’s2/75圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台plantostopthedinnerguestfromcomplainingdidnotturnoutashehadplanned.SoonSaratogaChipsappearedonthemenuandbecamesopopularthatpeoplewantedtotakesomehome.Therestaurantstartedsellingsmallpackagesofthepotatochips.AfewyearslatertheyweresellingallovertheUnitedStates.83.Butbecausethepotatoeshadtobepeeledbyhand,itwasatime-consumingchoreandpotatoshipswereoftenoutofstock.Inthe1920samechanicalpotatopeelerwasinventedandsoontherewerepotatochipsinabun-dance.Theygraduallyspreadallovertheworld,andhaveremainedpopulareversince.【答案与解析】81.厨师把一些薯条切得比原来还细，主要是为那些比较挑剔的客人准备的。（slice“切成片”；complaining“挑剔的；喜欢抱怨的”。）82.薄如纸片的棕黄色薯条一上桌就被客人们一扫而光。他很高兴，因为客人们都开始点新式薯条了。（lease原意为“租赁，借出”，这里根据上下文猜测应表示“一扫而光”。）83.因为土豆皮都是人工削的，所以这是很费时间的活儿，以至于总是缺货。（time-consuming“耗费时间的”；outofstock“缺货，无现货的”。）练习3.81.HistoryexpertssayHalloweengoesbackmorethantwothousandyearstotheCelts(凯尔特人)ofancientBritain.October31wastheCelticDayoftheautumnfeast(宗教节日).Onthatday,priests(牧师)oftheCelticreligion(宗教)prayedthatthespiritsofthedeadwouldreturntotheirhomesforafewhours.82.TheCeltsbuilt3/75圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台hugefirestofrightenawayevilspiritsreleasedwiththedeadonthatnight.Hundredsofyearslater,theRomanCatholic(天主教的)ChurchmadeNovemberfirstadaytohonorChristianSaints.ItwascalledAllSaintsDayorAllHallowsDay.ThedaybeforewascalledHallowEveorHalloween.Thenamecamefromthechurch.ButthetraditionswereclosertotheoldCelticbeliefs.PeoplefromScotlandandIrelandbroughtthesetraditionstoAmerica.83.ManypeoplestillbelievedspiritsplayedtricksonpeopleonthelastnightofOctober.Inthelate19thcentury,Americanboyshelpedthespiritswithtricksoftheirown.OnHalloween,theywoulddothingslikechangingstreetsignsorputtingawagonontopofahouse.【答案与解析】81.历史学家表明，万圣节可以追溯到两千多年前古英国的凯尔特人时期。（gobackto“追溯到……”。）82.凯尔特人会点燃大堆的篝火来把那一晚死去的人产生的恶灵吓走。（frightenaway把……吓走；release“释放，散发”。）83.很多人仍然认为在十月份的最后一个晚上灵魂们还会出来捉弄人。（playtrickon“捉弄……，吓唬……”。）练习4.Thereweremanyhorrorstoriesinthe19thcenturyaboutcrazydoctorswhotookapartofoneman’sbodyandputitinthatofanotherman’s.Thewritersdid4/75圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台notthinkitwaspossible,butintoday’sworlditispossiblewithsomepartsofthebody-hearts,forexample.Buthowfarcanthisgointhefuture?Willpeoplebeabletohavenewarmsorlegs,orevenheads?Itmaynotbecrazy.81.Wealreadyhavehearttransplants,andartificialarms,legsandhands.Wehaveartificialmusclesthatuseairtomove.Wehavecomputerswhichweputinsidepeopletohelpmaketheirbodieswork.Wecallmakeartificialears,artificialeyeslikesmalltelevisioncameras,andartificialthroats,whichmakevoicesliketherealthing.Mr.White,aprofessorinauniversityintheUnitedStatessaysitwillnotbelongbeforewehaveheadtransplants.“Wecandothiswiththetechnologywehavenow.82.Thereisonlyonebigproblem—whenwecutofftheoldhead,thenerveswhichjointherestofthebodytotheheadisalsocutandbroken.Thenewheadcouldhearandsee,butbodycouldnotmove.83.Butinthefuture,scientistswillbeabletomaketheheadgrowitsownnervesandjoinitselftothenervesinthebody,likeaplantgrowsintothesoil.”【答案与解析】81.我们现在已经有了心脏移植，人造的手臂、腿和双手。我们还有可以利用空气进行移动控制的肌肉。（transplant“移植”，artificial“人工的，人造的”。）82.现在仅有一个问题存在——那就是当我们把原来的头切掉时，那些和身体其他器官连接的神经也会随之被切断、破坏。（cutoff“切断，砍掉”。）5/75
全国中学生英语能力竞赛(高一组)章节题库-第四章至第七章【圣才出品】
