Ecological Compensation-assisted Relocation in Extreme Poverty-stricken Counties in China

AsianAgriculturalＲesearch2019，11（7）：34－44DOI：10．19601/j．cnki．issn1943－9903．2019．08．008

EcologicalCompensation-assistedＲelocationinExtremePoverty-strickenCountiesinChina＇sEcologicallyVulnerableAreas：Taking

DongchuanDistrictofYunnanProvinceasanExample

FengQIU，ZishengYANG*

TargetedPovertyAlleviationandDevelopmentInstitute，YunnanUniversityofFinanceandEconomics，Kunming650221，China

AbstractEcology-orientedpovertyalleviationisnotonlyalivelihoodprojectthataffectsthevastmajorityofruralpeoplebutalsoamajorpro-jecttowinthefightagainstpoverty．Itisalsoanindispensableincomecomponentfortherelocationofpoorfarmers．DongchuanDistrict，loca-tedattheintersectionofJinshaＲiverandXiaojiangＲiver，isoneofthekeycountiesforpovertyalleviationanddevelopmentinChinawitha

widerangeofpovertyandextremepoverty．Theincidenceofpovertyreached24．36%．Theecologyisfragile，andearthquakeoutbreaksfre-quently．DongchuanDistrictisanationalkeymonitoringanddefenseareaforearthquakes．Alargenumberofgoafs，subsidenceareasandgeo-logicalhazardareashavebeenformedintheminingarea．Thenumberofdangeroushousesislarge，and\ithasnowayofsupportingitsowninhabitants\isthekeypoint，difficultyandfocusofthecounty＇spovertyalleviation．Ｒelocationisamust-havemeasuretomoveawayfrompov-erty．Itisalsocomplexsystemengineering，whichispolicy-orientedanddifficult．Since2017，DongchuanDistricthasregardedrelocationhasthetoppriorityforpovertyalleviation．Ithasstrictlyimplementednational，provincialandmunicipalpolicies，focusedontheoverallgoalof\moving，securingandgettingrich\，andstronglypromotedtherelocationworkforpovertyalleviation．Obvioussocial，economicandecologi-calbenefitshavebeenachieved．Successfulrelocation，combinedwithecology-orientedpovertyalleviationandothertargetedpovertyalleviationmeasures，DongchuanDistrict＇sfightagainstpovertyhasachievedadecisivevictory．AttheendofDecember2018，theincidenceofpovertyintheregionfellto1．09%，and129poorvillages（including86extremelypoorvillages）hadbeensuccessfullyliftedoutofpoverty．Thispaperanalyzesandcondensesthespecificpractices，mainachievements，benefits，successfulexperiencesandimplicationsoftheregion＇srelocationcombinedwithecology-orientedpovertyalleviationmodel，soastoprovidenecessaryreferencefortheinnovationofrelocationinpoverty-strick-encountiesofYunnanProvinceandsimilarprovinces（cities，districts）．

KeywordsEcologicallyvulnerablearea，Povertyalleviation，Ecologicalcompensation，Ｒelocation，DongchuanDistrict

1Introduction

Atpresent，Chinaisinacriticalperiodofbuildingawell-offsoci-etyinanall-roundway．Itisalsothedecisiveperiodforpoverty

［1］

alltheruralpoorwillrealizepovertyalle-alleviation．In2020，viation，andallthepoverty-strickencountieswillbeliftedoutof

orien-poverty，andtheregionalpovertywillbesolved［2］．Ecology-tedpovertyalleviationisoneofthe\fivebatches\ofChina＇star-getedpovertyalleviationstrategy．TheGuidingOpinionsoftheCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilonWinningtheThree-YearCampaigntoFightAgainstPovertyissuedinAugust2018requirestoinnovateecology-orientedpovertyalleviation

mechanismandincreasetheecologicalprotectionandrestorationofpoverty-strickenareas，achievingawin-winsituationforecolog-icalimprovementandpovertyalleviation［3］．Inrecentyears，

YunnanProvincehasimplementedtheecologicalcompensationmechanisminthefieldsofforests，wetlands，biodiversityconser-vationandwaterenvironmentalprotection，andhasmadeprogress

Ｒeceived：June2，2019Accepted：July1，2019

SupportedbyCommissionedProjectofOfficeofＲuralWorkLeadingGroupofKunmingMunicipalCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina\StudyonthePovertyAlleviationModelofKunmingCityintheContextofWorldPovertyＲe-duction\．

*Correspondingauthor．E-mail：yangzisheng@126．com

instages．Butoverall，thescopeofcompensationforecologicalprotectionintheprovinceisstillsmall，thesourcesofcompensa-tionfundsandcompensationmethodsarestillsingle，thecompen-sationsupportsystemandtechnicalservicesupportarestillinsuffi-cient，thesystemofbenigninteractionbetweenprotectorsandbeneficiariesisimperfect，andthecontradictionbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectionisincreasinglypromi-nent［4］．ThereportofCCP＇s19thNationalCongressnotonlypointsoutthatitisnecessarytoresolutelywinthebattleagainstpovertyandensurethattheruralpoorwillrealizepovertyallevia-tionbythecurrentstandardsofChinaby2020，butalsofocuseson

［5］

theconstructionofecologicalcivilization．Ecologicalcompensa-tion-assistedpovertyalleviationhaveachievedaneffectivecombi-nationofecologicalcompensationandtargetedpovertyalleviation．AlthoughChina＇secology-orientedpovertyalleviationatthepolicylevelhasachievedcertainpracticalperformance，thecombinationofecologicalprotectionandtargetedpovertyalleviationandcorre-spondingpolicymeasureshavenotbeenfullyintegrated，thepov-ertyalleviationmodelofecologicalcompensationisnotsound，andthecorrespondingmechanismhasnotbeenfullyestablished．InChina，poorareashaveahighdegreeofoverlapinspatiallayoutwithecologicallyvulnerableareas，restrictedorprohibiteddevel-opmentzonesandnationalkeyecologicalfunctionalzones．\DualCounty\isnotonlyanationalkeyecologicalfunctionalzonebut