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Unit 3
一、知识点
①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态 主动语态表示是动作的执行者
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。
Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。 ②被动语态的构成
由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成
助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
时态
被动语态结构
例句
一般现
am
English is spoken in 在 时
are +过去分词
is
many countries. 一般过was +过去分词
This bridge was built in 去 时 were + 过去分词
1989. 情 态
can/should
The work must be done 动 词
may +be+过去分词
must/……
right now. ③被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：
Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如： LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。 3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词)
have sth. done 如：
I get my car repaired. == I have my car repaired. 我让别人修好我的车 I want to have my hair cut. 我要理发. 4. enough 足够
形容词＋enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮 enough＋名词 如：enough food 足够食物 enough to 足够…去做… 如：
I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。
5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。
stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。 6. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth. = It seems that +从句 He seems to feel very sad.
It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。 7.倒装句:
由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语 意为：…也是一样
Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致.
She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。
She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是
She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。
She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。 Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.
8. yet 仍然，还 常用在否定句或疑问句当中 可与although/though连用 9. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。 10. clean up 打扫 整理 如：
I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。 11. 程度副词：
always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不 如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school. 我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。 12. 曾经做某事：
Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. 13. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼) go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去划船) go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步) 14. .be strict with+人. be strict in+事物.
例: The head teacher is strict with his students He is strict in the work. 15. take the test 参加考试
pass the test 通过考试 fail a test 考试失败 16. the other day前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时)
every other day = every two days 每隔一天 （每两天） 17. agree 同意 反义词 disagree不同意 动词
agreement 同意 反义词 disagreement 不同意 名词 18. keep sb/ sth. ＋形容词 使某人/某物保持…. 如：
We should keep our city clean.（cleaningⅹ）我们应该保持我们的城市干净。 Don’t keep me waiting for a long time.别让我等得太久。 19. both…and… +动词复数形式
如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball. 20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习(什么) 如：
Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语 21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事 have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事
如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing. 22. at present 目前
23. at least 最少 at most 最多 24. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay
It take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book. sth. cost (sb.) …… The book cost (me) 100yuan. sb. spend … on sth. She spent 10days on this book.
sb. spend …doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book.
sb. pay … for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book.
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25. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off off 不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.
例: I think I’ll take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班. She is off today. 她今天休息.
I have three days off next week. 下周我有三天假.
They haven’t had a day off since last week. 从上周来,他们没休息过一天. 26. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.
27. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei. 28. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如：
Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。 29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv. 30. think about 与think of 的区别
①当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用 I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。
②think about 还有“考虑”之意 ，think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用 At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。 We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。 31. 对… 热衷， 对…兴趣
be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。 be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。 32. practice doing 练习做某事 She often practice speaking English. 33. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son. 34. also 也 用于句中
either也 用于否定句且用于句末
too=as well 也 用于肯定句且用于句末 I am also a student. 我也是一个学生 I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。
I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。
35.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做… allow doing sth 允许做…
36.stupid silly foolish 三个词都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同.stupid 程度最强,指智力 理解力 学习能力差. silly 指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有感情色彩. foolish 尤其在口语中广泛使用. 例: He is stupid in learning math. 他学习数学很笨.
Stop asking such silly questions. 别再问这样傻的问题了. You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.
你真蠢,丢掉这样一个好机会. 37.He doesn’t seem to have many friends.
=It seems that he doesn’t have many friends. =He seems not to have many friends. 38.clean (v.) 打扫,清理
clean up 比较彻底地打扫,清理 clean out 打扫,清理地最彻底. 39.concentrate on… 全神贯注做…
例: He decided to concentrate on physics because he failed the exam. This company concentrates on China market. 这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.
40. more…than…①与其说…不如说…; 比…更… 例: The man is more stupid than nervous. 与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢.
②在这一结构中,more做adj. 修饰名词,表示“比…多”
例:I have more books than you. 我的书比你的多.
41.volunteer ① n. 自愿者. ② v. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做… 例: We all volunteered to help in the old people’s home. 我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙. 42. get in the way (of)... 妨碍...
例: He never gets in others’ way. 他从不妨碍别人.
The bikes over there will get in the way of others. 自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的. 43. success (n.) successful (adj.) succeed (v.) 44. only 处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装.
例: Only then did he understand it. 只有到那时,他才明白.
Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有这样我们才能把英语学好.
Only when she came home, did he learn the news. 当她到家时,他才得知了这消息. 45. care about 关心,在乎,在意.
例: No one cares about others nowadays. 现在没人关心别人. I don’t care about what he does. 我并不在意他干什么. 二、短语
1. be allowed to do sth 被允许干… allow sb to do sth 允许某人干… allow doing sth 允许干…
2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16岁的孩子 3. part-time jobs 兼职工作 4. a driver’s license 驾照
5. on weekends 在周末 6. at that age 在那个年龄段
7. on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上 8. stay up 熬夜
9. clean up (相当与及物动词) 清扫 10. fail (in) a test 考试不及格
11. take the test 参加考试 12. the other day 前几天
13. all my classmates 我所有的同学 14. concentrate on 全神贯注于
15. be good for 对…有益 16. in groups 成群的,按组的
17. get noisy 吵闹(系表结构) 18. learn from 向某人学习 19. at present 目前,现在
20. have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的机会 21.English-English dictionary 英英词典 22. at least 至少
23.eight hours’ sleep a night 每晚8小时的睡眠 24. an old people’s home 敬老院 25. take time to do sth 花费时间干…
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26. primary schools 小学 27. have…off 放假,休息
28. reply to 回答,答复 29. get in the way of 妨碍
30. a professional athlete 职业运动员 31. achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想 32. think about 思考,考虑 33. in the end 最后,终于
34. be serious about 对…热忠/极感兴趣
35. spend…on + n. spend …(in) + v-ing 在…上花费时间/金钱 36. care about 关心,担心,在乎 37. agree with 同意… 三.句子
1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔.
2.They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不是做作业. 3.He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允许他们熬到晚上11点. 4.We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. 我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情. 5.What school rules do you think should be changed? 你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了? 6.The two pairs of jeans both look good on me. 这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合.
7.The classroom is a real mess. 教室太脏了. 8.Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?
9.Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream. 只有这样我才能实现我的梦想.
10.They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want. 应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间. 11.We have nothing against running. 我们没有理由反对他跑步.
Unit 4
一、知识点
1. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 即 虚拟语气
通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态
所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的 话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。
If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件
句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为：
句 型 条件从句 主 句
谓语动词形式 动词过去式(be动词
一律用were)
would+动词原形
即：(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were), 一般过去时
(主句) 主语+would+动词原形 过去将来时
如：If I had time, I would go for a walk. 如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间) If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你) I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.
假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员) 2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now. pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在干某事
The students pretended to be writing when the teacher came in. pretend +从句 假装… I pretended that I fell asleep. 3. be late for 迟到 如：
I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.
4. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 ⑴ a few 一些 修饰可数名词
a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义 如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。
There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 ⑵ few 少数的 修饰可数名词
little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义 如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。
There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。 5. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several 一词时要不能加s ，反之，则要加s 并与of 连用， 表示数量很 多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundreds of trees 上百棵树
8. what if + 从句 如果…怎么办 ， 要是… 又怎么样 如： What if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办？ What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？ 9. add sth. to sth. 添加…到…
如： I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。 10. 系动词与形容词连用 get nervous 变得紧张 feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好 11. too +形/副+to do sth. 太…而不能 如： I’m too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。 12. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem.
help sb. do. 如：They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松 13. in public 在公共场所 如:
Don’t smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。
14. energetic adj. 活力的 如：She is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。 energy n. 活力 如：She has lots of energies. 她有活力。 15. ask sb. to do 叫…做某事
ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事 tell sb. to do 告诉…做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉…不要做某事 如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. 16. start doing == start to do. 开始做某事 如：
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He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。 17. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 如：
I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。 18.wait for sb.等某人 如：I am wait for him. 我正在等他。 19. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 如：
I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。 20. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 如：
Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。 21. have dinner/ supper 吃晚饭
have lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐
22. plenty of 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词 许多 如： They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。 23. 给某人某物 give sth. to sb. 如： give an apple to me
give sb. sth. give me an apple 给我一个苹果 24. get along (with)=get on (with) ①进行，进展
The business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利。 How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英语学习进展的怎么样了？ ②相处
Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老板合得来吗？
I’m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。 25. would rather … than … （= would … rather than）宁愿，而不愿。 前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：would rather not do sth ①would rather … than … = prefer … to …
但prefer … to … 若连接两个动词，动词应为v-ing 形式。 He would rather jog than play football. =He prefers jogging to playing football.
②would rather 常单独使用，表示“宁愿做…” He would rather watch TV at home.
③rather than = instead of 而不是（连接两个并列成分，前后对称）。 I’d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter. I decided to write rather than telephone.
I like going out with you rather than with him. She enjoys listening rather than speaking. 25. in fact 事实上
26. let sb. down 让某人失望 如：
Don’t let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望。 27. come up with sth. 提出 想出
如：He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。 catch up with sb. 追上 赶上
如：Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。 28. have experience doing 在做某事有经验 如：
I have experience teaching Chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。 29. come out 出版，出来 如：The magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出一次。 30. by accident 偶然地，无意之中 如：
Last week I cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。 31. hurry to do 匆忙… I hurry to call the police. 32. more than=over 超过
34. offer 提供 offer sb sth 给××…… offer to sb sth 主动提出干…… 35. ①give sb sth=give sth to sb
类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等 ②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等 36.look for寻找find找到、发现
find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。
discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。 37.bring 带来 take 带走 fetch 去并拿来 38.talk to/with sb 同××说话。 tell 告诉, 分辨，辨别。
speak to sb 同××说话，做及物动词，后跟语言。
say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语，着重强调说话内容。
39.What if …… 如果……将会怎么样？（引导条件状语从句、疑问句） What if she doesn’t come? 她要是不来怎么办？
What if your parent don’t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎么办？ What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么办？ 40.What does/do ×× look like? 问相貌。 What’s ×× like? 问“品质性格”。
41.give a speech 做演讲 have a speech听演讲 give a report 做报告
have a report 听报告
42.permission (n.) 允许，许可 permit (v.) 允许 without permission 未经许可
43.plenty of 充足的，相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词，只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用 enough. 44.not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不
45.a little = a bit 修饰形容词、副词 a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词
46.the rest 其余的，可指代可数或不可数名词。The other(s) 只能指代可数名词 宾语从句 ：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。 由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成 常由下面的一些词引导：
㈠由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略 He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
㈡由if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。 ㈢由 连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义
Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？ ㈣从句时态要与主句一致
当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态 He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
I don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
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She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？
当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时) He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。
I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。 She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？ 二、短语
1、give it to charity 把它捐给慈善机构 2、medical research 医学研究
3、What if …… 如果…怎么样？ 4、get nervous 紧张
5、take a big exam 参加大考 6、help with 有助于
7、in public 在公共场合 8、hardly ever 几乎不
9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 为经许可
11、be(make) friends with 与…交朋友 12、ask one’s permission 请求××的允许 13、introduce…to… 把…介绍给… 14、invite…to do… 邀请…干…
15、social situations 社会环境
16、not… in the slightest 根本不，一点也不 17、right away 立刻，马上 18、all day 全天
19、be friendly to 对…友好 20、at lunch time 在午饭时间
21、a bit shy 有点害羞
22、English speech contest 英语演讲比赛 23、represent the class 代表班级 24、come top 名列第一（前茅）
25、let … down 使…失望 26、come up with 提出、想出 27、be sure of + n./pron.
be sure to do 相信… be sure +that 从句 28、the rest of the students 其余的学生
29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有经验 30、deal with 对付，处理 31、come out 出版
32、give advice on… 在…方面提出意见、建议 33、by accident 偶然地，无意之中
34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干… 35、an internet friend 网友 三、句子
1.He doesn’t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否该带礼物。 2.You shouldn’t worry about what other people say. 你不应该考虑别人说什么。
3.What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元，你会干什么？ 4.If I were you, I ‘d take a small present. 如果我是你，我会带一个小礼物。
5.I’m too tired to do well.我太累了，没考好。 6.Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗会带来很多麻烦。 7.What are you like? 你是什么样的人？
8.I’d invite him/her to have dinner at my house. 我会邀请他（她）到我家吃饭。
9.You enjoy the company of other people.你喜欢别人的陪伴。 10. I feel nervous talking in front of many people. 我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。
11.She always comes top in the school exams. 她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅。
12.She doesn’t want to let her friends down.她不愿让朋友失望。 13.If I were you, I’ll get out of here.如果我是你，我会离开这里。 虚拟语气 一、词的语气
指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。（在英语中，语气除了指语调以外，最主要的是通过动词发生变化而表示不同语气）
英语中的语气分为三类：
陈述语气（用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句） 祈使语气（用于祈使句）
虚拟语气（用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等） 二、虚拟语气
如果所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想，就用虚拟语气。 三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
eg If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语) If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语） If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句） If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句） 2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式 ① 表示与现在事实相反的情况
If I were you, I’d take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。 If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.
如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）
If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他在努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）
人教新目标九年级英语各单元知识点短语句子讲解
