高中英语Module6UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorldSectionⅢGrammar-情态动词+havedone的用法教学案

Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World Section

Ⅲ Grammar-情态动词＋have done的用法

语法图解

探究发现

①Many people think the monster may be a distant cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland.

②They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world.

③But in China, the idea of the dragon may have come from the alligator. ④Youmight have givenyour parents more help earlier.

⑤Itmust have rainedlast night, for the road was quite muddy. ⑥He can't have forgottenit, for he talked about it yesterday. ⑦You ought to/should have donethe job more carefully.

⑧You oughtn't to/shouldn't have asked such a foolish question. [我的发现]

(1)①②句表示可能性的推测，意为“可能，也许”。 (2)③④句表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意为“可能已经”。

(3)⑤句表示对过去事情的很有把握的肯定推测，意为“肯定做过某事”，而⑥句则表示对过去发生事情的有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能做过某事”。

(4)⑦句表示“过去本应该做却未做的事”，⑧句则表示“过去本不该发生却发生了的事”。

1．may/might have done sth.表示对过去行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经做过某事”，might可能性更小，主要用于肯定句和否定句中。

John isn't at home. I think he may/might have goneto school. 约翰不在家，我想他可能去上学了吧。

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You might have read about it in the papers. 你可能已经在报纸上看到这个消息了。

[名师点津] might have done有时表示 “本来可以做的事而实际上没有做”，含有 “劝告，责备”的语气。

You might have been more careful. 你本来可以多加小心的。

2．must have done sth.表示对过去发生的事或行为的肯定推测，意为“一定做过某事”，只用于肯定句中。

He reasoned that since she had not answered his letter shemust have lefthere. 他推断，由于她没有给他回信，她一定是已经离开这里了。

[名师点津] 含有must have done结构的反意疑问句中，若有表示过去的时间状语，反意疑问部分用“didn't＋主语？”；若没有表示过去的时间状语，反意疑问部分则用“haven't/hasn't＋主语？”。

They must have gone there last night,didn't they? 他们昨晚一定是去那里了，不是吗？

They must have been to the Great Wall,haven't they? 他们一定去过长城，不是吗？

3．can/could have done sth.是对过去的推测，表示“可能做过某事”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。could语气较委婉，肯定句中一般用could不用can。

Mr. Smith can't have goneto Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 — Wherecan they havegone?

— They could have goneto the cinema. ——他们能去哪里呢？ ——他们可能去电影院了。

[名师点津] could have done sth.还可表示过去本可以完成而实际上未完成的动作。 You could have donebetter，but you were too careless. 你本来可以做得更好，但你太粗心了。

[即时演练1]

(1)用适当的情态动词填空

①(2016·浙江高考)George can't have gone too far.His coffee is still warm. ②—We are very worried about Tom. Why hasn't he come back? —Don't worry. He may/might have been caught in a traffic jam.

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③—How did you do in the test?

—Not so well. I could have done much better but I misread the directions. ④The streets are wet. It must have rained last night. (2)完成句子

①你不可能买一辆这么昂贵的车。你肯定是从一个富朋友那里借的。

You couldn't_have_bought such an expensive car.You must_have_borrowed it from a rich friend.

②我本来可以帮助你的，但那时我太忙了。

I could_have_helped_you，but I was too busy then. ③灯还亮着，所以他不可能出去了。

The light in his room is still on, so he can't_have_gone_out. ④我房间里的手机找不到了。有可能被我姐姐拿走了。

I can't find my mobile phone in my room.It might/may_have_been_taken_away by my elder sister.

4．ought to/should have done 表示过去本来应该做某事(而实际上并没有做)，意为“理应做……，本来应该做……”，常表示遗憾；ought not to/shouldn't have done 表示“过去本来不应该做某事(而实际上做了)”，含有指责对方或自责的意味。

The flowers have died. I should have wateredthem often.

这些花儿都死了。我本来应该常给它们浇水的。(其实没浇水，表示遗憾) You ought not to have told them the truth.

你本不应该告诉他们真相的。(其实你告诉他们了，含有责备的意味)

5．needn't have done sth.表示“本来不必做某事(实际上已经做了)”； need have done sth.表示“本来需要做某事(实际上未做)”

I needn't have bought so much wine — only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。

He need have hurried to the station. In that case, he wouldn't have missed the train.

他本来需要快点去车站。那样的话，他就不会误了火车。

6．would have done sth.表示“原本想做某事”；也可以用于虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反。

I would have given you the book yesterday，but I didn't cover it completely. 我原本想昨天给你那本书的，可是我没能全部读完。 It would never have happened without your help. 要不是你的帮助，这绝不会发生。

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[即时演练2]

(1)用适当的情态动词填空

①(2015·天津高考)I needn't have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.

②(2015·福建高考)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad. You should have made full preparations.

③(2014·浙江高考)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they would have come to our help.

④You were sick, so you needn't have attended the meeting. (2)完成句子

①孩子们一定在树林里迷路了；否则，他们就会按照计划到达湖边的营地了。 The children must_have_got_lost in the woods; otherwise, they would_have_been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.

②昨天晚上我本来该做作业的，但我去看电影了。

I should/ought_to_have_done_my_homework last night，but I went to the cinema. ③还有很多时间，她没必要如此匆忙。

There was plenty of time. She needn't_have_hurried. ④你的眼睛红红的，昨天晚上你一定睡得很晚。

You must_have_gone_to_bed_late last night.Your eyes are red.

Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空

1．He could/might have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 2．Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.

3．Mr.White should_have_arrived at 8：30 a．m. for the meeting, but he didn't show up.

4．You needn't have woken me up; I don't have to go to work today. 5．Nobody answered the doorbell; he must have gone out.

6．— Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. — You might have put it in the wrong place.

7．You shouldn't have blamed the boy just now; after all, he is only a child. 8．You ought_to/should have done this exercise more carefully.

9．I could have arrived here on time, but my car broken down on the way. 10．He must have finished his homework, for he is playing football now.

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Ⅱ.单句写作

1．(2015·广东高考标准范文)“只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子也会变傻”这句谚语有可能会很好地描述这一情形。

“All

work

and

no

play

makes

Jack

a

dull

boy”may_have_well_described_the_situation.

2．(2014·辽宁高考)Harry感觉不舒服，他在昨晚的聚会上一定是喝得太多了。 Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He must_have_drunk_too_much at the party last night.

3．迈克一定没有找回他的车，因为早上他是乘公共汽车来上班的。

Mike_can't_have_found_his_car,_for he came to work by bus this morning. 4．你当时本没必要再告诉他们了。我已经告诉他们了。

You_needn't_have_told_them_again. I had told them already. 5．汤姆有可能在车祸中受了重伤，但我不是很确定。

Tom_might/may_have_been_hurt_seriously in the car accident, but I was not sure. 6．在我人生的那个阶段，我本可以做任何事的。

At this point in my life，I could_have_done_anything. 7．他本该早点到那个地方的。

He should_have_come_to the place earlier. Ⅲ.短文改错 Dear Sir or Madam，

We are high school student. During this summer vacation, I plan to travel to Shanghai with my classmates. On the behalf of our group, I am writing to book a five-day trip for advance, hoping you can make a detailed plan for us. With a budget of six thousand yuan, please arranging rooms for two boys and three girls. The rooms needn't be too super, there should be a bathroom in each room. As for food, you should guarantee what you provide for them is healthy, even though it doesn't taste delicious. On the other hand, we need an experience guide which will hopefully help us know more about the local culture. What's worse, we are eager to visit some famous tourist attractions instead of go shopping there.

Looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua.

答案：第一句：student→students 第三句：去掉the; for→in

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