2019届高三英语二模汇编——概要写作
1、2019黄浦二模
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Desertification
Desertification is one of the world’s most alarming processes of environmental degradation（退化）. The issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that it’s a “natural” problem of advancing deserts in faraway developing countries. In fact, desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land’s biological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.
Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and clear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way: “I look forward to working with Governments, civil society, the private section, international organizations and others to focus attention on this crucial issue, and to reverse the trend of desertification and set the world on a safer, more sustainable path of development.”
The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification is a global problem which we ignore at our risk. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations. They stand like open-air museums, bearing witness to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also celebrate the delicate beauty and unique inheritance of the world’s deserts.
参考答案：
Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change. It may cause problems like conflicts, poverty and land degradation. So 2006 was stated to be IYDD as a reminder of the serious problem and call for joint efforts to develop the world sustainably. The IYDD also reminds us of the risk, the beauty and civilization/inheritance of the deserts.
难度：偏难 解析：
首先细读原文。掌握文章的主旨。分析每一段的大意。如第一段是叙述沙漠化的原因：desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land’s biological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.最好不要照搬原词，因此可进行意义转化：Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change。第二段说的是沙漠化带来的政治、经济上的问题如like conflicts, poverty and land degradation。第三段叙述了荒漠化是一个全球性的问题，呼吁大家共同努力，进行可持续发展。接着用恰当的语法结构和词汇，采用合适的句式，按照内容的先后顺序进行连接。要注意最好不用原文中的内容。内容要点要完整呈现。
2、2019普陀二模
China’s National Treasure
Pandas are in danger of extinction at present, with only 1,900 remaining in the world. The scientific name of the giant panda is actually called the cat bear, the number of which is very scarce. It is one of the most precious animals in the world and belongs to the protected animals at the national level. Its body color is black and white.
Giant pandas are unique to China, very cute. The existing major habitats are in the surrounding mountainous areas such as Sichuan and Shanxi in China. The giant panda has a very powerful function: digesting bamboo. We all know that bamboo is mainly cellulose (纤维素), and most animals can’t digest it except giant pandas. The giant panda’s hometown is in the mountains southwest of China, green bamboos and springs everywhere. Therefore, the giant panda’s main food consists of bamboo and spring water.
Giant pandas are often referred to as living fossils. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, it was the peak period of giant pandas. This is of great scientific value for studying and protecting biodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Long, long ago, the climate of the earth became colder and colder, many ice cubes formed on the earth; plants could not grow, and many animals were frozen or starved to death. The giant panda alone survived in the deep valleys of the mountains and became a treasure of the animal world. The giant panda still retains the characteristics of ancient animals. Therefore, the giant panda is not only popular with adults and children in terms of appearance, but also becomes a living fossil for biologists to study ancient creatures.
The status of giant pandas has been politicized. Giant pandas can be seen in almost all the major countries in the world. The giant panda has become a witness of friendship between China and foreign countries. For decades, wherever the giant panda goes, a panda whirlwind will blow. With its charmed figure and natural cuteness, the Chinese giant panda attracts numerous fans around the world, and at the same time plays the role of friendship ambassador in China’s foreign exchanges, becoming one of the most famous symbols in China.
参考答案：
中文要点提炼：写出3点，其中两个略有展开； 大熊猫之所以能成为国宝的原因有三点：
1) 大熊猫数量十分稀少，是世界上最珍贵的动物之一。
2) 大熊猫是活化石，对于研究和保护生物多样性以及地球的环境变化有很重要的科学价值。 3) 大熊猫已经成为中国与世界各国人民友谊的见证。
The reasons why giant pandas become national treasures are as follows. First, giant pandas are scarce, becoming the most valuable animals in the world. Second, giant pandas are living fossils, having important scientific value in studying and protecting biodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Finally, giant pandas have become a symbol of friendship between China and foreign people. (59 words) 难度：中等 解析：
3、2019徐汇二模
Should some books be banned from school libraries?
Are there Harry Potter books in your school library? Many kids all over the world are reading J. K. Rowling's books in school. But some parents think their children shouldn't be able to find those and other books in school libraries. Should school libraries keep books that some parents don't approve of? Should they take those books off the shelves? All over the country, schools are wrestling with those questions.
It’s true that some hold their argument that some books should be banned from school libraries! \certain limits,\people believe that books that contain violence or bad words shouldn't be in schools. Some people want the Harry Potter books removed because they contain talk about wizards and magic.
Most parents know what's good for kids. They have a right to decide which books should or should not be in school libraries.
Books should meet certain standards before they are put in schools. Is this a good book for kids to read? Is it full of violence? Does it contain bad words or ideas kids shouldn't learn about? If a book is not good for all kids, it should not be in a school library. Most parents don't have time to find out everything their kids read. They should be able to trust schools to do that for them.
On the other hand, some believe that books should not be banned from school libraries! \what their own kids read,\for them. Many experts say that it's the parents' job, not the school's job, to check out what their kids are reading. If they don't like a book, they should not let their kids read it.
Why should a few parents stop kids from reading stories like the Harry Potter series? Kids should be able to check out books their parents think are OK to read. Many schools let kids borrow certain books if they have a signed paper from a parent. That works fine. A parent doesn't sign the paper if he or she doesn't want the child to read the book. Other kids can read the books if they have permission.
Some books are not OK for all kids to read. But if more adults were careful about what their own kids read, they wouldn't have to ban books from the library. 参考答案：
Schools are troubled by the problem whether certain books should be banned from their libraries. Some argue that those books with violence or bad words in should be banned and certain standards in judging books is essential. Others believe that it is parents’ responsibility, instead of schools’, to decide whether their kids are permitted to read certain books or not. 难度：偏难 解析：
4、2019杨浦二模
After you have a long day at school or work, getting a bit of shut-eye on the way home is sometimes just what the doctor ordered. But sleeping too long and ending up way past your destination is a real possibility. According to research from sleep specialists in the US, there are several possible explanations for being able to nap during a train or bus ride and still get off at the right stop. One theory states that some people have established sleep pattern that allow them to sleep and wake up at precisely the same time each day. That means their body knows when to wake up and get off the train. Another theory is that people are more likely to recognize the name of their stop, so their brain wakes them up when they hear it announced. Alternatively, those who can effectively sleep on the train might actually be waking up at every stop, but not long enough to become conscious until they know they've reached the right place. These short naps might work for those who are really exhausted, for even a brief rest has the benefit of reducing stress and helping you relax a little. But if you are travelling really far each day, chances are that you will reach rapid eye movement (REM) sleep cycles. According to Dr. Marc Leavey, who has studied this skill, \likely to be tired or disoriented when you wake up from these dreams, so if you're sleeping for longer than 20 minutes, you may find it harder to wake up out of this dream state. If you're in a deep REM sleep, you're more likely to miss your stop or sleep through it.” Not everyone can do it, but some people can run their sleep cycle like clockwork and take a nap on public transportation. 参考答案：
Sleep experts are trying to explain why people can nap without missing the stop. Besides fixed sleep pattern and the ability to recognize station names, people don’t become fully awake before they reach the destination. While naps relieve stress and are relaxing, experts warn of possibility of missing the stop if the nap is longer than 20 minutes. 难度：中等 解析：
2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--概要写作(解析版)
