电脑维修技术大全目录

目 录

目 录

第1 章 电脑维修快速入门 1.1 电脑故障分析 ························· 1

1.1.1 常见电脑故障 ···············1 1.1.2 电脑维修常见软件工具简

介 ·························8 1.1.3 电脑维修辅助硬件工具简

介 ······················· 14

2.1.2 系统性能测试与维修软

件························35

2.1.3 系统优化与维护常用软

件························38

2.1.4 系统安全与防范常用软

件························43

2.1.5 查杀病毒木马黑客常用软

件························47

2.1.6 多系统设置与管理常用软

件························55

2.1.7 数据备份、恢复与拯救常用软

件························57

2.1.8 注册表修改、恢复与维修常用软

件························61

1.2 电脑故障维修基本原则 ········19

1.2.1 由简入难···················19 1.2.2 先想后动···················19 1.2.3 先软后硬···················20

1.3 电脑故障分析流程 ················20 1.4 电脑软硬件故障常用检测方

法 ···········································21

1.4.1 观察法·····················21 1.4.2 拔插法·····················21 1.4.3 硬件最小系统法·············21 1.4.4 软件最小系统法·············21 1.4.5 逐步添加/去除法············22 1.4.6 程序测试法·················22 1.4.7 替换法·····················22 1.4.8 比较法·····················23 1.4.9 清洁法·····················23 1.4.10 安全模式法················24

2.2 电脑网络常见检测与维修软

件 ···········································64

2.2.1 网络拨号与网速常用软

件························64

2.2.2 网络优化与维护常用软

件························65

2.2.3 网络故障诊断与排除常用软

件························66

2.2.4 局域网性能检测与维修软

件························68

1.5 维修前的准备工作 ················24

1.5.1 拔去电源···················25 1.5.2 准备工具···················25 1.5.3 准备好另一台电脑···········25 1.5.4 去除静电···················25 1.5.5 准备小空盒·················26

2.3 电脑硬件常见检测与维修软件 ···········································69

2.3.1 CPU 性能检测与维修软

件························69

2.3.2 内存性能检测与维修软

件························70

2.3.3 硬盘性能检测与维修软

件························72

2.3.4 光驱与刻录机性能检测与维修软

件························73

2.3.5 声卡性能检测与维修软

件························76

1

第2 章 电脑维修常用检修软件技

术

2.1 操作系统常见检测与维修软

件 ···········································26

2.1.1 DOS 进入、设置与维修常用软

件·························26

目 录

2.3.6 显卡性能检测与维修软

件························80

2.3.7 电源性能检测与维修软

件························84

2.3.8 显示器性能检测与维修软

件························84

2.3.9 其他电脑硬件性能检测与维修软

件························86

4.2 操作系统常见故障分

析 ·······································123

4.2.1 操作系统常见故障现象······123 4.2.2 操作系统常见故障分类

析·······················123

4.2.3 操作系统维修的思路与

程·······················124

第3 章 电脑维修常用硬件技术 3.1 电脑软硬件故障常用测量工

具 ···········································89

3.1.1 万用表·····················90 3.1.2 示波器·····················97 3.1.3 晶体管图示仪··············102

4.3 操作系统维修实战案

例 ·······································124

4.3.1 无法启动Windows XP/Vista 操作

系统故障一般解决方法······125

4.3.2 Windows 系统不能关机故障解决方

法························125

4.3.3 操作系统启动与关机故障实践流

程与方法··················129

4.3.4 双核电脑出现错误提示，键盘无法

使用······················130

4.3.5 电脑升级后，无法启动，出现错误

提示······················131

4.3.6 双核无法正常启动系统，不断自动

重启······················131

4.3.7 电脑启动时，当出现检测画面后就

停止不动，不能正常启动·····131

4.3.8 电脑中接入第二块硬盘后，出现错

误提示，无法启动电脑·······131

4.3.9 系统自动更新后，无法正常启

动·······················132

4.3.10 Windows XP和Windows Vista 双

系统的电脑无法正常启动···132

4.3.11 安装两个杀毒软件后，电脑无法

正常启动·················133

4.3.12 电脑启动速度很慢，不正

常······················134

4.3.13 电脑启动后总出现RavTask.exe

应用程序错误的提示·······134

4.3.14 电脑在使用中出现“非法操作”

错误提示·················135

4.3.15 电脑使用时出现“内存不足”故2

3.2 电脑软硬件故障常用焊接工

具 ·········································105

3.2.1 电烙铁····················105 3.2.2 热风枪····················108 3.2.3 热风焊台··················110 3.2.4 吸锡器····················111 3.2.5 锡炉······················112 3.2.6 焊锡和助焊剂··············112 3.2.7 常用焊接方法与焊接技

术·······················113

3.3 电脑软硬件故障常用其他辅助工具 ·····································115

3.3.1 编程器····················115 3.3.2 主板诊断卡················116 3.3.3 打阻值卡··················116 3.3.4 CPU 假负载·················117 3.3.5 清洁工具··················118 3.3.6 工具盘····················120

第4 章 操作系统维修技术 4.1

操作系统基础知识 ·····································120

4.1.1 操作系统分类··············120 4.1.2 操作系统特征··············121 4.1.3 操作系统功能··············121

目 录

障提示···················135

4.3.16 在双核电脑中运行某个软件出现

“非法操作”错误提示······136

框·······················160

5.4.11 打印机不能自动重新换行故

障······················160

第5 章 注册表维修技术

5.1 注册表维修基础知识 ·······································137

5.1.1 注册表编辑器··············138 5.1.2 Windows XP 注册表··········141

第6 章 电脑上网维修技术 6.1

网络维修基础知

识 ·····································161

6.1.1 电脑网络组成··············161 6.1.2 电脑网络的主要功能········162 6.1.3 电脑网络的分类············162

5.2 注册表常见故障分

析 ·······································143

5.2.1 注册表常见故障现象········143 5.2.2 注册表常见故障处理········144

6.2 电脑上网常见故障分

析·········································163

6.2.1 电脑上网常见故障现象······163 6.2.2 电脑上网常见故障分类与分

析·······················163

6.2.3 电脑上网维修的思路与流

程·······················165

5.3 注册表的备份与恢

复 ·······································144

5.3.1 注册表的备份··············144 5.3.2 恢复注册表················148 5.3.3 注册表修复方法············154

5.4 注册表维修实战案例 ·······································154

5.4.1 手动清理注册表············154 5.4.2 上网时发现IE 浏览器菜单中的

“源文件”命令无法使用·····155 5.4.3 遭恶意攻击，系统注册表无法进

入·······················155

5.4.4 电脑启动后，总是自动弹出广告网

页·······················156

5.4.5 恢复被屏蔽锁定的主页设

置·······················157

5.4.6 在打开桌面上的“我的文档”图标

时，提示“我的文档”被禁用························157 5.4.7 电脑启动后发现桌面“回收站”图

标丢失····················158 5.4.8 删除文件时，出现 “文件正在使

用无法删除” 提示··········158 5.4.9 通过卸载程序无法将游戏软件卸

载························159 5.4.10 停止启动后自动打开的警告提示

3

6.3 电脑上网维修实战案

例 ·······································167

6.3.1 IE 浏览器浏览出错故障······167 6.3.2 ADSL 宽带网无法上网故障解决方

法························170

6.3.3 拨号错误解决方法··········170 6.3.4 ADSL 间断性地无法获得IP 地

址························172

6.3.5 上网正常但无法打开任何网

页·······················173

6.3.6 IE 总要检测代理服务器····173 6.3.7 上网经常掉线故障诊断方

法·······················174

6.3.8 电脑总是上网不久就掉线，无法正

常上网····················175

6.3.9 网络连接正常，但IE 浏览器只能

打开网页的二级页面········175

6.3.10 网络连接正常，但IE 浏览器无法

打开网页·················176

6.3.11 单击网页中的E-mail 通信地址

时，弹出错误提示，无法发送邮件·······················177

目 录

6.3.12 局域网中的两台电脑可以ping

通，但不能互相访问········177

6.3.13 “网上邻居”窗口中看不见网络

中共享的文件············179

6.3.14 无法安装网络打印机·······179 6.3.15 局域网中的一台电脑无法被ping

通·······················180

6.3.16 酷睿双核电脑单机启动很快，但

接入局域网后，启动很慢····181

6.3.17 找不到“网络邻居”图标·····181 6.3.18 QQ、MSN MESSENGER 能上，不能

打开网页的故障分析·······182

统························191

8.2 使用Ghost 软件备份和还原系

统 ·········································193

8.2.1 使用Ghost 软件备份系统····193 8.2.2 使用Ghost 软件还原系统····195

8.3

硬盘的数据结构 ·····································197

8.3.1 主引导扇区················197 8.3.2 操作系统引导扇区··········198 8.3.3 文件分配表················198 8.3.4 硬盘目录区················198 8.3.5 硬盘数据区················199

第7 章 防黑杀毒维修技术 7.1 电脑病毒的特征和种

类 ·······································182 7.2 病毒预防和电脑安

全 ·······································183 7.3 电脑病毒和黑客故

障 ·······································185

7.3.1 病毒感染后的现象··········185 7.3.2 病毒查杀··················185

8.4 硬盘数据丢失的原

因 ·······································199

8.4.1 软件原因··················199 8.4.2 硬件原因··················199 8.4.3 人为原因··················199 8.4.4 外界原因··················200

8.5

数据的保存与删除 ·····································200

8.5.1 数据的保存················200 8.5.2 数据的删除················200

7.4 电脑安全与防黑客杀毒维修实

战 ·········································186

7.4.1 电脑开机后，不论运行何种程序都

死机······················186 7.4.2 电脑频繁无故死机··········186 7.4.3 上网更新系统后，电脑经常死

机························186 7.4.4 电脑突然无法启动，总是启动一半

又自动重启···············187

7.4.5 手动清除“冰河”木马病毒····187 7.4.6 电脑突然无法正常上网，总是掉

线························187

8.6

数据恢复的方

法 ·····································200

8.6.1 MBR 数据恢复方法···········201 8.6.2 DBR 数据恢复方法···········203 8.6.3 文件被误删除的恢复方法····204 8.6.4 硬盘被分区或格式化后数据的恢

复方法····················204

8.6.5 硬盘物理结构损坏后数据的恢复

方法······················204

8.6.6 Office 文档损坏后数据的恢复方

法························205

8.6.7 硬盘坏道造成数据丢失的恢复方

法························208

8.6.8 被病毒或黑客攻击后数据的恢复

方法······················211

8.6.9 硬盘分区表损坏后数据的恢复方4

第8 章 数据恢复与拯救技术 8.1 使用“备份”工具备份与还原系

统 ·········································188

8.1.1 使用“备份”工具备份系统····188 8.1.2 使用“备份”工具还原系

目 录

法

9.4.2 主板无法启动故障维修······230 9.4.3 主板安装失误导致系统故障维

修·······················231

9.4.4 主板散热不良故障维修······231 9.4.5 主板与显卡驱动程序不兼容故障

维修·····················231

9.4.6 CMOS 设置不能保存故障维

修·······················231

9.4.7 主板电源故障维修··········232 9.4.8 主板键盘接口故障维修······232

8.7 维修实例································214

8.7.1 非法关机后导致系统不能正常运

行························214 8.7.2 感染病毒后系统崩溃········214 8.7.3 误删除系统文件导致系统无法正

常启动····················214 8.7.4 电脑感染病毒后导致系统瘫

痪·······················215

8.7.5 Word 文档无法打开··········215 8.7.6 Excel 文件损坏无法打开·····215 8.7.8 E-mail 文件损坏无法打开····216 8.7.9 恢复“回收站”中删除的文

档·······················216

8.7.10 硬盘被分区后，硬盘中的重要文

件丢失···················216

8.7.11 硬盘损坏，无法读取硬盘中的数

据·······················216

8.7.12 SM 卡损坏，无法读取照片····217

第10 章 BIOS 维修技术 10.1认识

BIOS ··································233

10.1.1 BIOS 芯片的作用···········234 10.1.2 BIOS 芯片的种类和封装·····234

10.2

升级BIOS ··································236

10.2.1 为什么要对BIOS 升级······236 10.2.2 升级BIOS 注意事项········237 10.2.3 BIOS 升级方法·············237

第9 章 主板维修技术

9.1 主板维修必备知

识 ·····································217

9.1.1 主板的分类················217 9.1.2 主板的组成与结构··········218 9.1.3 主板的工作原理············224

10.3 BIOS 升级失败后的拯救方

法 ·······································242

10.3.1 用备份的BIOS 文件恢复····242 10.3.2 用Boot Block 块恢复······242 10.3.3 热插拔法·················243 10.3.4 用编程器修复·············243

9.2

主板常见故障剖

析 ·····································224

10.4

9.2.1 主板常见故障现象··········224 9.2.2 主板常见故障分类与分析····225

BIOS 故障解决方

法 ···································243

10.4.1 BIOS 常见故障现象·········243 10.4.2 造成BIOS 故障的原因······244 10.4.3 BIOS 故障维修流程·········244

9.3 主板维修技术分析与工具选

择 ·········································226

9.3.1 主板维修常用技术分析与选

择·······················226

9.3.2 主板维修常用工具选择······228 9.3.3 主板维修的思路与流程······228

10.5 维修实

例 ·········································245

10.5.1 优化BIOS 后总出现“非法操作”

错误提示·················245

10.5.2 USB 鼠标无法正常使用······246 10.5.3 升级BIOS 后启动电脑时死

机······················246

5

9.4

主板维修实战案

例 ·····································229

9.4.1 主板芯片故障维修··········229