Section Ⅲ Grammar——定语从句(Ⅱ)
语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 ①In the corner，there is a garbage can around which are pieces of garbage and waste paper. ②My cousin is a person with whom I stayed when I was young. ③I often think of the moment when I first saw her. ④Perhaps there is a reason why the house is in a mess. ⑤Mike wants to work in a country where there are a lot of forests. 1.例句①②中含“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，而且关系词作介词的宾语。 2.例句③④⑤中含关系副词引导的定语从句，而且，关系副词在从句中作状语。why作原因状语；where作地点状语；when作时间状语。 后自主感悟
一、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词通常是which和whom，which指物，whom指人。
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[即时训练1]
用“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句合并句子
①The reason is that he was ill yesterday.He did not hand in his homework for that reason.
→The reason for which he did not hand in his homework is that he was ill yesterday. ②The English play was a great success.The students acted in it at the New Year's party.
→The English play in which the students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. ③Who is the man？You shook hands with him just now. →Who is the man with whom you shook hands just now?
2．“介词＋which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when，where，why。
I shall remember the days in which(when)we studied together forever. 我将永远记住我们一起学习的日子。
Last year my parents went to the farm on which(where) they worked 30 years ago again.
去年我父母又去了他们30年前工作过的那个农场。 Is this the reason for which(why)he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？ [即时训练2]
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用适当的关系副词取代“介词＋关系代词”
①The rain came at a time at which it was not needed.when ②I'll never forget the village in which I spent my childhood.where ③He didn't give any reason for which I had been fired.why 3．“介词＋whose”修饰后面的名词。
This is Mr Wang，in whose factory I worked last year. 这就是王先生，我去年在他的工厂工作过。 4．关系代词前介词的确定方法
(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定。
This is the man from whom I learned about the news./This is the man whom I learned about the news from.
我就是从这个人那儿听到那个消息的。(whom代指the man，介词根据learn...from来确定)
(2)根据先行词来确定。
In this room，we saw a big table on which there were all kinds of fruits. 在这个房间里，我们看到一张上面放着各种各样的水果的大桌子。(which代指a big table，介词根据on the table来确定)
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
He lost his glasses，without which，he couldn't see anything.他丢了眼镜，没有它，他什么也看不见。
[即时训练3] 用适当的介词填空
①He's the boy of whom his parents are both proud.
②To tell you the truth，the singer for whom you are waiting won't come tonight. ③As we all know，the age at which children can go to school is seven. [名师点津]
(1)介词提前，关系代词不可省略。
(2)介词提前时只能使用“介词＋which(指事物)”以及“介词＋whom(指人)”结构，不能使用that，也不能使用who。
The person to whom he is speaking is our English teacher.
＝The person(who/whom/that)he is speaking to is our English teacher.
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正跟他说话的人是我们的英语老师。
(3)若定语从句中的短语是固定搭配，拆开便失去了原来的意义，则介词通常不能前置到关系代词之前。如look for，look after，take care of等。
This is the old man whom he's looking after.
这就是他正在照顾的老人。(从句中的look after为固定短语，不能拆开) (4)“介词短语＋关系代词”也可以引导定语从句。
He lives in a big house，in front of which stands a big tree.他住在一座大房子里，房前有棵大树。
二、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 where 先行词 表示地点的名词：抽象地点和具体地点 表示时间的名词 reason 含义 “(在)……地方”，相当于“介词＋which” “在……时候”，相当于“介词＋which” “为什么”，相当于for which when why 1．当表示时间的名词，如time、period、age、day、year、moment、month、occasion等作先行词时，如果定语从句缺状语，则用when引导，亦可用“介词＋which”代替。
April 1st is the day when people make fun of others. ＝April 1st is the day on which people make fun of others. 4月1日是人们捉弄别人的日子。
2．当先行词是表示地点的place、factory、room、play、activity、case、point、situation、scene等名词时，若定语从句缺状语，则用where引导，亦可用“介词＋which”替代。
Can you tell me the office where he works? ＝Can you tell me the office in which he works? 你能告诉我他上班的办公室吗？
3．当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，而且从句又缺状语时，则用why引导，也可用“for which”替代。
This is the reason why he went away.
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＝This is the reason for which he went away. 这就是他离开的原因。
[即时训练4] 用适当的关系副词填空
①The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.
②The reason why he refused to attend the meeting was that they didn't give him an invitation earlier.
③As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.
4．先行词是way的定语从句
way(方式，方法)作先行词，后接定语从句时，若从句引导词在从句中作状语，则引导词用in which或that，引导词也可省略；当引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时，引导词用which/that。
The way(that/in which)he treats his children is very good. 他对待孩子的方式非常好。
The way which/that you told me yesterday doesn't work. 你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。 [即时训练5] 完成句子
①他给我们解释的方法非常简单。
The way that/which he explained to us was quite simple. ②他回答问题的方式令人惊奇。
The way (that/in which)he answered the question was surprising. [名师点津]
区别使用关系代词还是关系副词的方法是看他们在定语从句中充当的成分。关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，关系副词充当状语。
This is the factory that/which produces radios. This is the factory where radios are produced. 这就是那家生产收音机的工厂。
用关系副词或“介词＋关系代词”填空
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译林版高中英语必修1讲义Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar——定语从句(Ⅱ)
