初中八种时态的构成及常用时间状语对照表
时 态 谓语动词形式 常用时间状语 注意事项 ① 注意动词单三的变化; ② do/does构成的疑问句和否定句。 ③特别注意在when, as soon as引导的时间状语从句及if, unless引导的条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。 ④叙述真理用一般现在时。 ①规则动词和不规则动词的过去式; ②did构成的疑问句和否定句。 注意位移动词come, go, fly, leave用现在进行时表示将来的情况。 掌握V-ing形式的变化。 掌握when, while从句的搭配。 一般现在时 do/does always, usually, often, seldom, every, how often,?on weekends, once a day, twice a week, three times a year 一般过去时 did yesterday, last…, …ago, in 2000 this morning,?at that moment a moment ago=just now, in the past tomorrow,next,tonight,in the future, in 2050, this afternoon/evening, in 100 years at once/right now/right away/in a minute soon,?before long(不久后), later on(以后) Look! Listen! now=at the moment at present (目前) , these days(这些天) at that time, at this time yesterday at five o’clock yesterday the whole morning, while, when 一般将来时 ①will/shall do ②am/is/are + going to do am/is/are +V-ing was/were + V-ing 现在进行时 过去进行时 过去将来时 ①would/should do two days later, the next week, the following 常用于主句是过去时,叙述动②was/were + day及宾语从句中。 作还没有发生的宾语从句中。 going to +do ① 掌握过去分词的构成; ② 掌握与现在完成时连用的just, ever, never, already, yet, before, 标志词; recently, so far, once, twice, three/four ③ have been to与have gone times, in the past/last few years, in the past to的区别; 10 years, for a long time, for five years, for ④ 短暂性动词在现在完成时a week, since then, since last year, since 中与for, since连用时的two years ago, since +一般过去时的句子 转换; ⑤与一般过去时的区别。 by the time, before we came here, by the end of last year以及宾语从句中 表示“过去的过去”。 现在完成时 have/has + done 过去完成时 had+ done 、 一般现在时
(一)定义
表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或存在的状态,还表示主语具备的性格 和能力及客观真理。
例:I get up at 6:30 in the morning . She is at home . (二)构成
主要用动词原形表示,当主语是第三人称单数时,在动词词尾加s/es。 (三)句型
1、肯定句:主语+谓语+其他。 She reads English everyday .
2、否定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t+谓语+其他。 He doesn’t get up at 6:30 in the morning . 3、一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+V原+其他?
Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I don’t .
4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他? What time do you get up every morning ? Where does your father work ? (三)用法
1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或存在的状态,带与表示频率的时间状语如:often , sometimes , usually,always , everyday year,month...) , once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等连用。 I leave home for school at seven every morning . 2、表示客观真理,科学事实、格言警句。 The sun rises in the east .日出东方。
The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。 Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。
Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。
The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。
3、根据英文语法规定,当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。
I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。 If you come this afternoon,we’ll have a meeting .
4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了\描述现阶段的动作或状态\,其重点\不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态\。例如: He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。 That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。
Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
She majors in music .她主修音乐。
All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。
My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 (四)动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 1、一般情况下,动词后直接加-s;
如:help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。
2、以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾加-es;
如:dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加-es; 如:study--studies,fly-flies,carry--carries等。
4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时,have改为has, 如:He has an interesting book .
5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时,be改为am,遇有主语是第二人称时,be改为are,遇有主语是第三人称单数时,be改为is
二、 一般过去时
(一)结构
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。 基本结构 否定句 一般疑问句 was/ were+not Be动词 was或were提前,放于句首 行为动词 didn’t+do(动词原形) Did+主语+do(动词原形) 注:在一般过去时的句子中,谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词,其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用,were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由be动词做谓语的句子,变否定句时,直接在其后加not,即wasn’t 或weren’t,变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首,句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当,如stayed\\went\\visited等,这一类动词做谓语时,可与任何人称连用,句子变否定时,要在主语后面,动词的前面加didn’t,动词用原形;一般疑问句是把did提到句首,动词用原形。
I was in Shanghai last year . I wasn’t in Shanghai last year . Was you in Shanghai last year ? He went to the park yesterday . He didn’t go to the park yesterday ? Did he go to the park yesterday ? (二)句式
1、肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他。 I was in Beijing yesterday . I went to the beach yesterday . 2、否定句:主语+wasn’t 或weren’t+其他。 主语+didn’t + V原+其他。 I wasn’t in Beijing yesterday .
I didn’t go to the beach yesterday . 3、一般疑问句:was/ were+主语+V原+其他? Did +主语+V原+其他? Were you in Beijing yesterday ? Did you go to the beach yesterday ?
4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他?
特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他?
Where were you yesterday ? Where did yougo yesterday ? (三)用法