(一) 首句 章段首句
It’s well-known that 众所周知 As far as we know 据我们所知 As everybody knows 众所周知 As far as sb. be concerned 就……而论 Frankly speaking 坦白地说 Generally speaking 一般来说 I am of the opinion that … 我认为 In my opinion 我认为 It has been shown that… 现已表明 It has been found that … 已经发现 It’s believed that… 有人相信 It’s expected that… 有人盼望 It’s hoped that … 人们希望 It’s thought that … 有人认为
Until recently … 直到最近
Faced with …, quite a few people argue that …. But other people conceive differently.
There is a general discussion today about the issue of…. Those who object to … argue that…. They believe that …. But people who favor …, on the other hand, argue that…. Currently there is a widespread concern that …
More and more people are realizing / have come to realize… There is no denying / doubt that …. (二) 结尾句
Above all 最重要的是 After all 毕竟 All in all 总的来说 In a word 总而言之 As a result 结果 In fact / As a matter of fact 事实上 In short / In brief 简而言之 In conclusion 总之 In general /summary 总之 In the end / Finally Last of all 最后 On the whole 总的来看 It may be confirmed that… 可以肯定 It’s clear that … 很清楚 To sum up 概括地说 Personally, I prefer to …
As far as… be concerned, I think / believe that… In my opinion, I am in favor of …. （三）写作中常用到的过渡词：
1.时间顺序：first, second, then, finally, now, before, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately, suddenly, soon, gradually
2.空间顺序：in front of, behind, at the back of, to the left, to the right, above, below, on one side, on the other side, next (to), far (from), beside , outside, around
3.因果关系：because, since, as, thanks to, as a result (of), so, therefore, thus, otherwise, on
account of, due to, owe to
4.递进关系：in addition, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse, even, besides,
still more, to make things worse
5.例证说明：for example, for instance, such as, in one’s opinion, in fact, in this case, for
actually, that is to say, in other words, according to
6.并列关系：but, and, as well as, or
7.对称关系：for one thing, for another, on the one hand, on the other hand
8.转折关系：above all, at last, in a word, in summary, to sum up, in short, generally speaking,
as you know, in conclusion, in brief, as has been stated
9.总结关系：above all, at last, in a word, in summary, to sum up, in short, generally speaking,
as you know, in conclusion, in brief, as has been stated
10.过渡性插入语：I think, I’m afraid, you know, as we all know, I’m sure, as far as I know 11.强调关系：in fact, indeed, surely, necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, to repeat,
the most important, above all
（四）、常用模式
1．万事看头难 常用模式：Nowadays….
It goes without saying that…. Now people begin to realize that…. There is no denying that….. It is common that….. 2．拓展不下去： 常用模式：（1）、罗列 Firstly….Secondly….. Thirdly….. For one thing…. For another….
On one hand….. On the other hand…. At the same time…. （2）、举例 Take… for example… To explain… （3）、对比 In contrast,…. / On the contrary （4）、递进 Moreover/ In addition/ Besides （5）、因果 Because…/ Because of…
Therefore…/ Consequently…/ As a result,… The reason is (was) that…
The reason why (for which) …is (was) that… That is because (why)…
One of the important reason is …. （6）、转折 But…/ However…/ Instead of… Otherwise… /Nevertheless…. 3．难以结尾：常用模式：（1）、总结 To sum up…/ In brief… （2）、个人观点 Personally…/ As for me…. 现象解释型： 模板一：
(1) Recently, _______. What amazes us most is _______. It is true that _______.
(2) There are many reasons explaining _______. The main reason is ______. What is more,
_______. Thirdly, ________. As a result _________.
(3) Considering all these, ________. For one thing, _________. For another, ______. In
conclusion, ______. 模板二：
（1） As is known to all, _______. _________ seem to get accustomed to _________. In
fact, __________. （2） The reasons of ______ lie in several aspects. Firstly, ______. Secondly, ______.
Thirdly, ______. Finally, _______. （3） As a matter of fact, ______. On the one hand , ______. On the other hand, ______.
Therefore, ______.
现象解释型叙事：
（1） It so happened that _______. Just at the moment, ________. It impressed most
because ________. （2） What happened was_______. At first, _______. Almost at the same time, _______.
What’s more, ______. As a result, ________. （3） As I understand, ______. On the one hand , ______. On the other hand, ______.
Therefore, ______.
对比选择型： 模板一：
（1） There is a heated debate over _______. It is commonly accepted that ______. In
contrast, others _______. （2） Those who hold the first opinion suggest ________. In their view, ______. However,
others think ______. They argue that ______. （3） Considering one after another, I stand on the side of ______. First of all,_______.
Furthermore, _______. Thirdly, ______. Therefore, ________.
模板二：
(1) Recently, we may hear quite different opinions _______. Most people take it for granted
that ________. However, others hold ________.
(2) A dominant idea is that _______. In the view, ______. Nevertheless, the objectors think
_______. They argue that ______.
(3) As to me, I prefer ______. Therefore, ______. On the one hand , ______. On the other
hand, ______. In conclusion, _______. 模板三：
(1) Different people will offer quite different ideas _______. Many people assert _______.
However, others believe ______.
(2) Some may proclaim _______. They maintain such an idea because _______. In contrast,
the objectors think _______. They argue that _______.
(3) As far as I am concerned, I agree to _______. First, ______. Second, _____. Last but least,
_______. In a word, ________. 问题解决型： 模板一：
（1） With the ______ of _______, _______. So it is of great importance for us to _______.
英语四级作文模板及开头结尾
