2020-2021年初中英语完形填空和阅读理解易错题精选
一、完形填空
1．阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
Jed and Matt were walking home from school. It was the first really cold day of winter. \1 on the river is hard!\（捷径） across. \
Jed made a face. \everything,\ahead. I'm going to 4 here.\middle of the river. \Matt jumped up and down a few times to 7 his point.
Crack! Loud sound filled the air. Matt looked down. In all directions, the thin ice was 8 away from his feet. Another crack, and Matt was in the river! \clothes pulled him down.
Jed felt the ice, 9 testing the area around him. Using the feet, he pushed 10 slowly toward the hole in the ice. Gripping （抓牢） the ice with his feet, Jed took hold of Matt's 11 .
Little by little, he dragged （拖） Matt out of the water and then across the ice. After what seemed like hours, they reached the 12 .
A police car came up to them. Officer Crane helped Matt into the car. After hearing the story, Crane said, \Someone from the paper can come and take your picture and write an article. \
\paper.\
\ 1. A. bridge B. snow 3. A. When 4. A. cross 5. A. tired 6. A. big
B. If B. jump B. afraid B. thin
C. boat
D. ice D. boring D. enter D. thick D. introduce D. bringing
2. A. exciting B. dangerous C. safe
C. swim C. soft C. prove
C. Because D. Before C. amazed D. shocked
7. A. describe B. explain 9. A. happily B. directly 10. A. him 11. A. leg 13. A. fool
B. hand
8. A. breaking B. disappearing C. taking
C. regularly D. carefully C. head C. boat C. better
D. foot D. home D. angrier
B. themselves C. himself D. them
12. A. land B. river 14. A. weaker B. worse
B. swimmer C. student D. hero
15. A. Matt's B. Jed's C. Crane's D. others'
【答案】 （1）D；（2）C；（3）B；（4）A；（5）B；（6）D；（7）C；（8）A；（9）D；（10）C；（11）B；（12）A；（13）D；（14）C；（15）B；
【解析】【分析】记叙两为同学步行回家，其中一名同学想走捷径而落入河中的故事。 ⑴语境理解与逻辑推理。由上文这是第一个确实很冷的冬天，所以推知是河里的冰，所以选择答案D。
⑵逻辑推理。根据上文，刚刚开始结冰，所以是危险的，选择答案C。
⑶语境理解与逻辑推理。这里的句意是“你想要一路走到桥上，就走吧”，根据语气，应该选择答案B。
⑷考查四个词义辨析。句义“我在这儿……”，可知选择答案A。 ⑸语境理解。Matt 下到河中央，所以问Jed是否害怕，选B。
⑹语境理解。由下句“Matt上下跳了几次.”可知是说明冰是“厚的”选择答案D。 ⑺语境理解。Matt上下跳了几次是来证明自己的说法，所以选择答案C。 ⑻语境理解。由crack可知是冰破裂了，所以选择答案A。
⑼细节理解题。由于Matt落水，所以Jed应该是“小心地”，所以选择答案D。
⑽考查四个词义辨析。根据上文Jed小心地试探周围的区域，所以是自己慢慢向前推进，选反身代词C。
⑾语境理解逻辑推理，由于Matt落水，所以推知是抓住他的手，所以选择答案B。 ⑿逻辑推理。根据下文，Matt得救所以是“他们到达了岸上”选择答案A。
⒀逻辑推理。根据Jed的行为，所以警察叔叔表扬他的行为像英雄，可知选择答案D。 ⒁逻辑推理。Matt被警察救入汽车，所以感觉好多了，选C。 ⒂语境理解，通过后句He is the hero就可以看出是Jed。故选B。
【点评】完型填空考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，做完型填空首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
2．根据短文理解，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。
Many scientists say that the world is getting hotter and hotter. If they are right, the ice at the North and South Pole will melt eventually. If this happens, the sea will 1 and may cover most or all of Singapore. This will force everybody to move to a 2 country.
We know that the sun 3 the earth. The heat from the sun hits the ground, and some of it goes back into the sky. However, factories and cars 4 a lot of carbon dioxide （二氧化碳）. When the gas rises into the sky, the heat from the sun can come through them but the heat from the ground cannot. It 5 near us in the sky and makes the 6 hotter and hotter every year.
Scientists 7 this the “greenhouse effect” because a greenhouse is a small glass building which is hot inside. It is used for 8 plants in cool countries. Many countries are 9 about the “greenhouse effect”. They are trying to stop factories and cars from sending 10 gases into the sky. Scientists are not sure when the world will get much hotter. Some people say that the “greenhouse effect\（影响） the world's weather. 1. A. rise 2. A. hotter 3. A. creates 4. A. make 5. A. hides 6. A. cloud 7. A. ask 9. A. worried
B. fall
C. change
B. larger C. safer B. circles C. heats B. spread C. produce B. continues C. stays B. air B. call
C. season C. tell
8. A. putting B. storing C. growing
B. happy C. confident
C. heavy
10. A. dangerous B. harmful A；（10）B；
【解析】【分析】本文讲述温室效应对世界气候的影响。
【答案】 （1）A；（2）C；（3）C；（4）C；（5）C；（6）B；（7）B；（8）C；（9）
（1）句意：如果这发生的话，海洋将会上升，也许会覆盖大部分甚至全部新加坡。rise上升；fall下落；change改变，故选Ａ。
（2）句意：这将迫使每个人搬到一个更安全的国家。hotter更热的；larger更大的；safer更安全的。故选C。
（3）句意：我们知道太阳给地球热量。create创造；circle绕……运转；heat加热，使变暖。根据常识可知选C。
（4）句意：然而，工厂和汽车产生大量二氧化碳。make做；spread传播；produce生产，制造。故选C。
（5）句意：它（二氧化碳）停留在我们附近的天空。hide藏；continue继续；stay呆在。根据常识可知选C。
（6）句意：（二氧化碳）使空气越来越热。cloud云；air空气；season季节。故选B。 （7）句意：科学家们把这叫做“温室效应”因为温室是一个里面热的小玻璃建筑。call把……叫做；ask问；tell告诉。故选B。
（8）句意：它（温室）在凉爽的国家被用于种植植物。put放；store储存；grow种植。故选C。
（9）句意：许多国家担心温室效应。be worried about担心。故选A。
（10）句意：他们正努力阻止工厂和汽车排放有害气体进入天空。dangerous危险的；harmful有害的；heavy重的。
【点评】考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，做完型填空首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
3．完形填空
The B&.O Railroad Museum is in Baltimore. Its site is 1 to be the birthplace of the American railroad. The museum 2 the most complete railroad collections in 3 . On the second floor, there is an 4 of station clocks, and a small movie theatre. The museum also has an 5 collection of engines, cars, cranes and 6 railroad equipment. 7 the winter of 2002- 2003， heavy 8 destroyed the roof of the museum and damaged more than half of the 9 , which may have been the museum's 10 loss. But there was still some 11 the insurance（保险） on the museum, though it wasn't clear at first 12 it would get from that.
The museum was very 13 . In the end, although it had 14 millions of dollars, all of it was replaced by the insurance. The museum had been 15 until November 2004. Its manager says, \ 1. A. looked 2. A. shares 3. A. Britain 5. A. inside 6. A. others 7. A. With 8. A. rain 9. A. windows 10. A. biggest 11. A. desire 12. A. how often 13. A. lucky 14. A. destroyed 15. A. open
B. made B. owns
C. built C. discovers
D. thought D. produces D. America D. outdoor D. many D. At D. fog D. easiest
B. Australia C. Canada B. outside C. indoor B. other B. For B. snow B. rooms B. hope
C. another C. During C. sunshine
4. A. advertisement B. exhibition C. introduction D. entry
C. collections D. wheels C. sculptures D. advantages
B. smallest C. hardest
B. how long C. how much D. how soon B. unusual C. disappointed D. interested B. thrown C. wasted B. closed
C. cleaned
D. lost D. noticed
【答案】 （1）D；（2）B；（3）D；（4）B；（5）D；（6）B；（7）C；（8）B；（9）C；（10）A；（11）B；（12）C；（13）A；（14）D；（15）B； 【解析】【分析】本文介绍了在巴尔的摩的铁路博物馆。
（1）句意： 它的所在地据说是美国铁路的发源地。is thought to be，据说，固定搭配 ， 故选D。
（2）句意：博物馆拥有美国最完整的铁路收藏品。A分享，B拥有，C发现，D生产，根据 the most complete railroad collections最完整的铁路收藏品可知是拥有 ，故选B。 （3）句意：博物馆拥有美国最完整的铁路收藏品。A英国，B澳大利亚，C加拿大，D美国，根据 birthplace of the American railroad美国铁路的发源地可知是在美国 ， 故选D。 （4）句意： 在二楼，有一个车站时钟的展品和一个小电影院。A广告，B展品，C介绍，D入口，博物馆里的都是展品 ，故选B。
（5）句意： 博物馆还收藏了室外的发动机、汽车、起重机和其他的铁路设备。A在里面，B在外面，C室内的，D室外的，根据cars, cranes可知汽车、起重机是室外的的东西 ， 故选D。
（6）句意：博物馆还收藏了室外的发动机、汽车、起重机和其他的铁路设备。A其他的，不修饰名词，B其他的，可修饰不可数名词，C另一个，修饰名词单数，D许多，修饰名词复数，根据 equipment 可知装备是不可数名词 ，故选B。
（7）句意：在2002-2003年的冬天，大雪摧毁了博物馆的屋顶，损坏了超过一半的藏品，这可能是博物馆最大的损失。A有，B为了，C在......期间，D在，根据 2002- 2003可知表示期间 ， 故选C。
（8）句意：在2002-2003年的冬天，大雪摧毁了博物馆的屋顶，损坏了超过一半的藏品，这可能是博物馆最大的损失。A雨，B雪，C阳光，D雾，根据 winter可知冬天的是雪 ，故选B。
（9）句意：在2002-2003年的冬天，大雪摧毁了博物馆的屋顶，损坏了超过一半的藏品，这可能是博物馆最大的损失。A窗户，B房间，C藏品，D轮子，博物馆里的是藏品，故选C。
（10）句意：在2002-2003年的冬天，大雪摧毁了博物馆的屋顶，损坏了超过一半的藏品，这可能是博物馆最大的损失。A最大的，B最小的，C最难的，D最简单的，根据 damaged more than half of 损坏了一半以上可知是很大的损失，故选A。
（11）句意：但是博物馆的保险还是有希望的，虽然一开始还不清楚能从中得到多少。根据there was，可知主语名词是不可数或单数，故排除名词复数C和D，A渴望，B希望，能否有保险赔偿是种希望，故选B。
（12）句意：但是博物馆的保险还是有希望的，虽然一开始还不清楚能从中得到多少。A多久一次，B多长，C多少钱，D多久才，根据 millions of dollars和钱有关的是how much，指赔偿数量 ， 故选C。
（13）句意： 博物馆非常幸运。A幸运的，B不寻常的，C失望的，D感兴趣的，根据 The insurance saved our museum 保险拯救了我们的博物馆可知是幸运的事情 ， 故选A。
（14）句意：最后，虽然它损失了数百万美元，但全部被保险公司所取代。A消灭，B扔掉，C浪费，D损失，根据damaged more than half of ， 损坏了一半以上是指损失，故选D。
（15）句意：博物馆一直到2004年11月才开放。它的经理说，“保险拯救了我们的博物馆！”A关闭，B开放，C清理，D注意到，根据 The insurance saved our museum 保险拯救了我们的博物馆，可知博物馆可以继续开放，故选B。
【点评】考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
4．完形填空
It was a very foggy morning in London. The fog was so thick that it was impossible to see more
than a foot or so. Buses, cars and taxis were stopped along the roadside, unable to move because the drivers couldn't 1 . People were trying to walk to their destinations, but most were losing their 2 in the fog.
Mr. Smith had a very important meeting at the House of Commons, but he was not familiar with the area and 3 could take him there in such heavy fog. So he was a little 4 . He was trying to find his way in the fog. Soon, however, he realized that he was lost. 5 he bumped into a stranger. Mr. Smith said sorry to the stranger and then asked him whether he 6 help him find his way. The stranger said it was a piece of cake and 7 to take Mr. Smith to the meeting place. Mr. Smith thanked him and they started to walk. The fog was getting thicker and thicker every minute but the stranger had no difficulty in finding the way. They went along one street, turned down another, 8 a square and at last, after about half an hour, they arrived at the meeting place.
Mr. Smith couldn't understand how the stranger found his way. \9 do you find the way in the thick fog?\
\ 1. A. see 2. A. way 4. A. relaxed 5. A. Usually 6. A. need 7. A. offered 8. A. chose 9. A. how 10. A. by
B. touch
C. guess
D. follow D. money
B. interests C. lives
3. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody
B. Surprised C. excited D. worried B. Suddenly C. Probably D. Especially B. must B. knew B. why B. to
C. could
D. should
B. Continued C. dreamed D. hated
C. missed D. crossed C. where D. when C. about
D. against
【答案】 （1）A；（2）A；（3）C；（4）D；（5）B；（6）C；（7）A；（8）D；（9）A；（10）B；
【解析】【分析】 这篇短文讲述的是在一个大雾天，Smith先生要去开一个很重要的会。在这样的天气里，人们很容易迷路。幸运的是，Smith先生得到了一个陌生人的帮助。这个人在茫茫大雾中没有费什么力气就找到了Smith先生要去的地方，原来他是一个盲人。 （1）动词辨析。句意：公共汽车，小汽车和出租车在路边停着不能移动因为司机看不见路。根据The fog was so thick that it was impossible to see more than a foot or so. 雾太浓厚了以致于看见一英寸左右都是不可能的。可知司机看不见路。see看见；touch接触；guess猜测；follow跟随，故选A。
（2）名词辨析。句意：人们都尽力步行去他们的目的地，但是大多数人在雾中迷路了。根据The fog was so thick that it was impossible to see more than a foot or so. 雾太浓厚了以致于看见一英寸左右都是不可能的。人们看不见路，辨别不了方向，所以迷路了。lose one's way迷路，固定短语，way方法，路上；interest兴趣；lives生活；money钱，故选A。 （3）不定代词辨析。句意：史密斯先生在下议院有一个非常重要的会议，但是他对这个地区不熟悉，没有人能在这么大的雾里把他带到那里。根据根据The fog was so thick that it
was impossible to see more than a foot or so. 雾太浓厚了以致于看见一英寸左右都是不可能的。可知雾太大了，没有人能把他带到那里。somebody某人；anybody任何人；nobody没有人；everybody每个人，故选C。
（4）形容词辨析。句意：因此他有一点着急。根据上文 Mr. Smith had a very important meeting at the House of Commons, but he was not familiar with the area and nobody could take him there in such heavy fog.可知他很着急。 relaxed轻松的；surprised感到吃惊的；excited激动的；worried焦急的，故选D。
（5）副词辨析。句意：突然他碰上一个陌生人。根据 Soon, however, he realized that he was lost. 很快他意识到他迷路了。可知在不经意的情况下突然发生的，usually通常；suddenly突然；probably或许；especially尤其是，故选B。
（6）情态动词辨析。句意：史密斯先生给陌生人道歉，然后问他能否帮他找到路。此处表示能否完成这件事，表示能力，need需要；must必须；could能；能够，should应该，故选C。
（7）动词辨析。句意：陌生人说这是小菜一碟主动带史密斯先生到达开会的地方。offer提供；continue继续；dream做梦；hate不喜欢。offer to do sth.主动做某事，固定短语，故选A。
（8）动词辨析。句意：他们沿着一条街道走，然后转向另一个，跨过一个广场，最后大约半小时后他们到达开会的地方。chose选择；knew知道；miss错过；cross跨越，穿过，跨过，故选D。
（9）特殊疑问词辨析。句意：但是你怎么在浓雾中找到路的。此处表示做事方式，how如何；why为什么；where在哪里；when何时，故选A。
（10）介词辨析。句意：“这对我来说没有困难”，陌生人说。by通过；to对于；about关于；against反对；紧靠，to sb.对某人来说，故选B。
【点评】此题考查完形填空。我们先跳过空格阅读短文，然后根据上下文的联系确定句子中所缺的的成分，根据所给的知识和固定短语及固定句式，选择合适的选项放在空格处，我们再仔细阅读短文，核查答案是否正确，最后确定正确答案。
5．完形填空
It's not easy to achieve success. However, Napoleon Hill believed everyone can become 1 if they think right. After he did many years of research 2 successful people, his book Think and Grow Rich came out in 1937.
The book is one of the most 3 books ever written. It has sold over 70 million copies. Napoleon Hill 4 at least ten other books about success before his death in 1970.However, 5 of them came close to selling as many copies as Think and Grow Rich. It remains the biggest seller of his books.
In 2012, Smarter Comics released（发行） a new version of the 6 . Franco Arda, the company's founder and publisher, said, \changed the way I thought about money and 7 . In the book, Napoleon Hill advises 8 to read our dreams out loud every morning when we wake up and every evening before we go to bed. He says in the book, 'If you 9 to give up, your dream will be sure to come true.'%understand. It's worth reading the book.\ 1. A. polite B. patient C. honest D. successful 2. A. on
B. for
C. in
D. to
3. A. awful B. popular C. useful D. important 4. A. read B. wrote C. bought D. borrowed 5. A. all
B. both
C. none D. neither C. poem D. novel
D. education D. them D. because
C. him C. so
6. A. book B. play 8. A. me B. us 10. A. if
B. but
7. A. luck B. success C. love
9. A. hope B. decide C. refuse D. promise
【答案】 （1）D；（2）A；（3）B；（4）B；（5）C；（6）A；（7）B；（8）B；（9）C；（10）C；
【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是成功并不容易。然而拿破仑.希尔认为他们只要认为是对的，每个人都会取得成功。本文主要介绍了拿破仑和他的著作《思考致富》。阐述了他对成功的看法。
（1）形容词辨析。句意：然而，拿破仑认为只要他们认为是正确的，他们都能成功。根据 It's not easy to achieve success. 可知此处说的是成功的看法。polite有礼貌的；patient有耐心的；honest诚实的；successful成功的，故选D。
（2）介词辨析。句意：在他对成功人士多年的研究后，他的著作《思考致富》于1937年出版。此处讲的是拿破仑对于成功人士进行研究，on关于，for为了，in在……里面；to对于，故选A。
（3）形容词辨析。句意：这本书是曾经写的最受欢迎的一本书。根据 It has sold over 70 million copies. 它的销售量超过700万，可见它很受欢迎。awful可怕的；popular受欢迎的；useful有用的，important重要的，故选B。
（4）动词辨析。句意：拿破仑在1970年去世前，至少写了10本关于成功的书。根据 The book is one of the most popular books ever written.可知此处指的是写的很多书。read读书，write写，buy买，borrow借，故选B。
（5）代词辨析。句意：然而，它们中没有一个能像《思考致富》卖得那么多。all三者或三者以上都，both两者都，none没有，指三者或三者以上，neither没有一个，指两者，根据 Napoleon Hill wrote at least ten other books about success before his death in 1970. 和转折连词but，可知虽然他写了很多书，但是没有一本销售量比《思考致富》卖得多。故选C。
（6）名词辨析。句意：2012年 Smarter Comics 公司出版了这本书的新版本。book书，play剧本，poem诗歌，novel小说。根据上文 It remains the biggest seller of his books. 可知此处指的是《思考致富》这本书。故选A。
（7）名词辨析。句意：它改变了我对金钱和成功的看法。根据 He says in the book, 'If you refuse to give up, your dream will be sure to come true.如果你拒绝放弃，你的梦想一定会实
现。可知此处指的是成功，梦想。 luck幸运；success成功，love爱，education教育，故选B。
（8）代词辨析。句意：在书中拿破仑建议我们每天早上醒来和每天晚上睡觉前大声地读出我们的梦想。根据 to read our dreams out loud every morning 可知是建议我们大声读梦想。me我，us我们，him他，them他们，故选B。
（9）动词辨析。句意：他在书中说“如果你不放弃，你的梦想一定会实现。根据常识，我们只要坚持，梦想就会实现，可知此处是拒绝放弃，hope希望；decide决定，refuse拒绝，promise答应，许诺，故选C。
（10）连词辨析。句意：弗朗哥继续说道“新版本就像是一本漫画书，它更容易理解，值得一读。if如果，but但是，so因此，because因为，这两个句子之间是因果关系，故选C。
【点评】此题考查完形填空。解题的方法第一要带着空，通读文章，搞清事件发生的背景。紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息,充分利用各种线索，语法知识,以及句子之间的关系，词的搭配,结合上下文背景语境，结合句意选择适合语境的选项。
二、阅读理解
6．根据短文内容选择正确答案。
C
Grace, usually known as the Home of Microsoft, is inside an office building in Redmond, Washington. Once you come into the building, you will feel that you're in a modern and future home.
When you enter the building, Grace's voice, coming from a hidden speaker, tells you your messages. In the kitchen, you set a bag of flour（面粉） on a flat stone table. Grace sees what you're doing and makes a menu of flour-based foods on the table. Once you choose one, Grace gives you ingredients（配料）.
There's also a notice board in the kitchen made of “intelligent（智能的） cloth” that works like a touch screen computer. You can deal with postcards and invitations and surf the net with the touch of a finger. The invitations could be encoded（编码）. You can deal with them on the computer. It's part of Microsoft's Smart Personal Objects Technology, whose aim is to make every object more efficient（有效率的）.
“The day when your house becomes a member of your family is not far,” says Pam Heath, a manager of Microsoft. At the Andersen Windows Company, Jay Libby imagines that windows made of intelligent glass can be changed into TVs.
“Nobody wants a television set,” says Libby. “What you want is the service it provides.” If the TV isn't improved, it will disappear in the future.
Home entertainment is one consideration for the future. At the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, scientists are designing systems that will allow old people to live better on their own. So Grandma's home can be cleverly designed to recognize（识别） her ways of waking, sleeping and movement. Family members will be told any change by their computers.
（1）We can know from the passage that Grace _________.
A. is an idea known as the Microsoft Home B. is a machine that works like a TV C. can understand what its master does D. can cook meals for its master （2）According to the passage, all the following are true EXCEPT________.
A. Grace can help you in the kitchen
B. you can use the computer with a touch screen C. windows will take the place of TV sets in the near future D. TV technology needs improving
（3）It can be inferred（推断） from the passage that ________.
A. the building in the future will be intelligent B. your windows will be changed into TVs C. few people will like watching TV in the future D. all the old people will live without others’ help （4）Which would be the best title for the text?
A. Modern Home B. Popular Home C. Future Home D. Smart Home 【答案】 （1）C （2）C （3）A （4）D
【解析】【分析】你走进厨房，Grace会告诉你相关的留言，你看见面粉，Grace会给你提供面食的菜单，你选择一个菜单，Grace会给你相关的配料，这些都是智能家庭给我们带来的便利，高效。在未来智能家庭还会提供更多更便利的科技，计算机正改变着我们的生活。
（1）推理判断。根据第一段的描述和第二段tells you your messages告诉你信息； makes a menu of flour-based foods on the table制定面食菜单； gives you ingredients给你配料等，可知Grace应该是一台家庭智能机器，它会看懂你做的事情，并提供必要的帮助，故选C。 （2）推理判断。根据第二段在厨房的活动可知A是对的；根据第二段 that works like a touch screen computer和You can deal with them on the computer可知B是对的；根据第三段 windows made of intelligent glass can be changed into TVs用智能玻璃做成的Windows可以变成电视，并没有要取代电视的意思，故C是错误的；根据第四段 If the TV isn’t improved, it will disappear in the future可知如果电视没有改进，它在将来会消失，故D也是对的。因此选C。
（3）推理判断。根据最后一段Home entertainment is one consideration for the future和scientists are designing systems that will allow old people to live better on their own可知科学家
们正努力使未来的建筑智能化。故选A。
（4）主旨大意。根据本文举到的例子“智能厨房”可知，未来的家庭智能化必将是一种趋势。故选D.智能家庭。
【点评】阅读理解考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。
7．阅读理解
There are few families in the United States that do not have either a radio or a television set. Both of them have become necessary parts of our daily life, keeping us Americans filled with the news of the day, teaching us in many fields of interest, and making us happy with singing, dancing and acting.
Marconi, the Italian inventor, who gave us the radio, probably didn't know how much his great invention would have done for the world in the years to come. Radio had, perhaps done as much as any other communication tool. Things of the world can be reported to people everywhere a few seconds after they happen. Travellers in out-of-the-way places, ships at sea and even astronauts around the Earth are able to keep in touch with each other by radio.
Television is another important invention. It lets us see as well as hear the actor. Since its appearance, TV has done a great deal in the daily life of people everywhere. Many programmes are now televised in colour.
Perhaps the most modern invention is \a \moving around the Earth. It makes it possible for people all over the world to be closer than ever before. Now a family in Chicago can watch a motorcar race in Italy, a table tennis competition in Beijing or a volleyball match in Japan on TV as these events are actually happening!
（1）The passage tells us that in the USA have no radios or television sets. A. a large number of homes B. all the families C. a small number of families D. quite a few homes
（2）Why does the passage say radio and TV have become necessary parts of our daily life? A. Because they have included nearly everything in our life. B. Because man would not live happily without them. C. Because they are the only ways to spread information. D. Because no communication means no life.
（3）What is the use of a \ A. To receive and store information only. B. To move around the Earth just like the Moon. C. To give light onto the Earth at night.
D. To help broadcast radio or TV information to the world. （4）Who do you think the writer of the passage is？
A. An Italian. B. A Japanese. C. An American. D. A Chinese reporter. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了电视在美国生活中的重要性。
（1）细节题。根据There are few families in the United States that do not have either a radio or a television set，可知在美国少数家庭没有收音机或电视机 ， 故选C。
（2）推理题。根据Both of them have become necessary parts of our daily life可知， 因为它们几乎包含了我们生活中的一切所以广播和电视已经成为我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分 ， 故选A。
（3）推理题。根据It makes it possible for people all over the world to be closer than ever before这使得全世界的人比以往任何时候都更亲近可知Telstar 帮助向世界广播电台或电视信息 ，故选D。
（4）推理题。根据keeping us Americans filled with the news of the day使我们美国人充满了一天中的新闻可知作者是美国人，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
8．阅读理解
Two men were going through a forest.
\cried the other, whose name was Braggart, \men. I have a strong arm, a strong heart, and…\
\was light and nimble, climbed up a tree like a squirrel （松鼠）, leaving his friend, who was not so active, to face the danger alone! Quickwit could do nothing but throw himself on the ground and pretended（假装） to be dead; for he had heard that bears would never touch a dead body. In no time the bear camp up to him, sniffed（用鼻子吸气） at him. Quickwit did not dare to move; and the bear, thinking him dead, went off into the wood again, leaving him quite unharmed!
When Braggart saw that the danger was over, he came down from the tree and tried to pass off the matter with a joke. \he put his mouth dose to your ear?\
\ （1）The correct order of the following events is . a. Two men were going through a forest. b. Quickwit threw himself on the ground. c. Braggart climbed up a tree like a squirrel. d. A low sound was heard from somewhere nearby.
A. a-b-d-c B. a-d-c-b. C. d-a-c-b D. d-b-c-a （2）The bear left Quickwit because it .
A. was hit by Braggart B. felt pity for him C. thought he was dead D. didn't like his smell
（3）We can learn from the passage that .
A. a true friend reaches for your hand B. a friend to all is a friend to none C. a good friend is a good listener D. a real friend never argues with you （4）The best title for the passage would be .
A. A Fight Between Two Travelers B. The Travelers and the Bear C. A Kind-hearted Bear D. A True Friend in Trouble 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A （4）B
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要讲述了两个男人在森林里遇到熊的故事。
（1）细节理解题。根据 Two men were going through a forest. 两个男人正在穿越森林—— a low sound was heard from somewhere nearby 一个奇怪的声音从附近传来—— Braggart, who was light and nimble, climbed up a tree like a squirrel （松鼠） Braggart像松鼠一样爬上树—— Quickwit could do nothing but throw himself on the ground and pretended（假装） to be dead .Quickwit躺在地上装死，可知事情发生的正确顺序为 a—d—c—b。故选B
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段 and the bear, thinking him dead .可知，熊以为他死了。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章，熊来了的时候Braggart没有伸出援手而是自己爬上树，说明他不是一个真正的朋友，真正的朋友是会伸出援手的。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲了两个男人在森林里遇到熊的故事，因此旅行者和熊是最好的标题。故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
9．阅读理解
In your school, are you allowed to choose the subjects you want to learn? Of course, the answer is \
In America there is a school trying something new. At a high school in Florida, students will be able to choose their own classes. We all know that some students are better at some subjects than others. Some students plan to go on to college, while others do not. At this school students are able to find subjects they are interested in, and possibly even find the field（领域）they would like to go into after finishing school. They are allowed to choose a subject like biology, math, a foreign language, or study skills like car repair（修理）.
Some people think this is a good idea, because it helps students think about what they want to do in the future, and the school helps to give them the knowledge and skills needed to get there. They say that giving the students the chance to choose their own classes makes high school more interesting. Others disagree. They think it will make it difficult for students to discover different possibilities（潜力）.They point out that fourteen-year-old teenagers are too young to know
what they want to do in the future.
What do you think? Would you like to be able to choose your own classes? Many useful changes have been made in education, but seeing the differences in each student is also important. How can we help each student become a better student?
（1）Some people think allowing students to choose their own classes helps them _________. A. show how smart they are B. know differences between them C. prepare for their futures D. know their duties in life
（2）Some people don't agree students should choose their own classes because they think _________.
A. some students are too nervous to make a right decision B. some students shouldn't be workers in the future C. some students care little about their own futures
D. some students aren't old enough to know what they want to do in the future （3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. All the high schools in Florida give the students the chance to choose their own classes. B. All the people think allowing students to choose their classes can help them find their own possibilities.
C. The school in Florida helps students by giving the knowledge and skills they will need. D. In the writer's opinion, it's not important to see the differences in each student in school education.
（4）What's the best title for the passage? A. Chinese education B. A new way of education C. To change our education D. To improve learning skills 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了美国的教育现象，学生可以自己选择学习科目，而在中国不能，有人认为这种制度好也有人认为不好。
（1）细节理解题，根据Some people think this is a good idea, because it helps students think about what they want to do in the future,可知允许学生选课可以帮着孩子们为未来做准备，故答案是C。
（2）细节理解题，根据 They point out that fourteen-year-old teenagers are too young to know what they want to do in the future 可知，不同意的人认为，孩子们太小不知道他们未来想做什么，故答案是D。
（3）正误判断题，根据 At this school students are able to find subjects they are interested in, and possibly even find the field（领域）they would like to go into after
finishing school. They are allowed to choose a subject like biology, math, a foreign language, or study skills like car repair（修理）. 可知，佛罗里达的这所学校既让学生们学习知识，也让学生们学到技能，故答案是C。
（4）标题判断题，根据文章内容可知，文章介绍了美国的教育方式，B选项最接近短文中心思想，故答案是B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、正误判断题和标题判断题几种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；正误判断题也属于细节理解题，需要根据文章内容进行正误判定；标题判断题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想，最后凝练句式获取答案。
10．阅读理解
Populations of white-tailed deer（白尾鹿） are growing rapidly in many parts of the United States. As populations grow, food becomes a problem. Many deer die of hunger. Others grow up small and unhealthy. In search of food, hungry deer move closer to where humans live. They eat farm crops, vegetables and even trees. Besides, increased numbers of deer near roads can cause traffic accidents.
People admire the grace and fast speed of deer. Most people don't want these animals to be hungry and ill. Should people take action to control the growing deer populations? Should People Take Direct Action?
Many people think that hunting（打猎） is the best way to control the animal populations. Wildlife managers will see if there's enough food in an area and decide its carrying capacity（容量）. Then hunters with licenses are sent to help control the number of deer. Hunting is usually not allowed in cities or suburbs, however.
Some people have the idea to catch the deer and move them to other places. But this method is expensive and requires finding another place that can accept the deer without breaking the balance of ecosystem（生态系统）.
Scientists are also working to develop chemicals（化学药品） to control the birth rate（率） in deer populations. But this plan works for only one year at a time. Should People Take Indirect Action?
Some suggest bringing in natural enemies of deer, such as wolves, lions and bears, to areas with too many deer. But these animals could also hurt dogs, cats, and even humans. Other communities have built tall fences（篱笆） around areas to keep out the deer. However, this is impossible for farmers. ▲
Some people are against any kind of action. They support leaving the deer alone. Animal populations in an area naturally go up and down over time. Doing nothing means that some deer will die of hunger or illness. But finally, the population will reach a size within the carrying capacity（容量） of the environment. So, let nature go its own way.
（1）According to the passage, increased numbers of deer can bring to people in the area. A. water pollution B. traffic accidents C. serious illnesses D. growing populations （2）Which of the following is the best to fill in the \▲ \
A. Should People Do Nothing? B. Should People Protect the Deer? C. Should People Take Special Action? D. Should People Drive the Deer Away? （3）The writer most probably agrees that . A. farmers can build fences to keep the deer out B. people should leave the deer alone in the wild C. hunting is the best way to control the deer populations D. it's great to catch the deer and move them to other places （4）The writer organizes this passage by .
A. telling stories B. using numbers C. giving opinions D. describing scenes （场景） 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）B （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了美国的白尾鹿数量激增，有人认为应该采用直接的方法控制白尾鹿的数量，而一些人认为需要使用间接的方法控制白尾鹿的数量。
（1）细节题。根据Besides, increased numbers of deer near roads can cause traffic accidents. 可知白尾鹿数量的增加可导致交通事故的发生，故选B。
（2）推理题。根据最后一段的描述可知，主要讲述反对采取措施的人的观点，根据前两部分标题的构成，本部分的标题为“人们应该不管吗”，故选A。
（3）推理题。根据 So, let nature go its own way.可知，作者支持不采取让和措施的方法，故选B。
（4）推理题。作者通过例举打猎， 将鹿的天敌，如狼、狮子和熊引入鹿太多的地区等例子，可知本文主要是通过列举不同的观点来组织材料的，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
2020-2021年初中英语完形填空和阅读理解易错题精选
