www.100xuexi.com 圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 谦虚准则：尽量少赞誉自己；尽量多贬低自己。
(5) The Agreement Maxim: minimize disagreement between self and others; maximize agreement between self and others
一致准则：尽量减少双方的分歧；尽量增加双方的一致。
(6) The Sympathy Maxim: minimize antipathy between self and others; maximize sympathy between self and other.
同情准则：尽量减少对别人的反感，尽量增大双方的同情。
Ⅲ. Face considerations in using English（英语语言应用中的“面子”原则） 1. Definition of Face considerations（“面子”的定义）
The concept of face is the public self-image that every member wants to claim for himself or herself.
“面子”是指每个人都想维护的他个人的公众形象。
2. The consistence of Face considerations（“面子”的组成部分）
(1) negative face: the basic claim to territories, personal preserves, rights to non-distraction, i. e. to freedom of action and freedom from imposition;
反抗性方面的面子：基本的声称对于领土，个人保护，以及权力不被打扰。例如：自由的行动以及不被强迫的自由。
(2) positive face: the positive consistent self-image or “personality” (crucially including the desire that this self-image be appreciated and approved of) claimed by interactants.
肯定方面的面子：肯定方面的面子包括在相互交往中对自我形象或者人格（典型的愿望
6 / 85
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解-第9~12章【圣才出品】
