UNIT1
Home Listening
Where have all the Gentlemen
Gone?
What factors have contributed to the demise of chivalry？
Men tend to blame the decline on women’s tolerance of men’s trifling behavior. Females, on the other hand, blame the death of chivalry on the egocentric nature and 1) laziness of men. Our society has become increasingly 2) self-centered so people no longer abide by old school home training of manners and politeness.
Both genders are correct, but whose actions started the 3) snowball effect? It is the classic chicken or the egg argument.
Perhaps with the Women’s Rights Movement, women opened the door for men to become lazy with their courteousness. Maybe women started acting more independent so men figured, “Why bother?”
Or, perhaps society in general is in a state of moral 4) bankruptcy. Marriages are dissolving at an all time high, people are no longer valuing monogamy. As trust in men 5) diminishes, women’s attitudes toward men shift and the way we 6) interact with them has changed—and not for the positive. Or, perhaps men are not settling down as often or as quickly, so there is a sense of desperation among the female race. Desperation leads to feeling the need to settle or 7) compete for men. Likewise, women have become more tolerant and/or numb to the waywardness of men.
So, which is it? The chicken or the egg? Did men’s behaviors and attitudes shift first or did women’s? We may never 8) figure the answer out. However, I think that 9) chivalry is about RESPECT. Chivalry and respect go hand in hand. Respect and character go hand in hand. And, 10) character and morality go hand in hand. If we can work on our morals we will work on our level of respect for each other. It just starts with everyone as individuals.
Unit2
Home ListeningStereotypes: Being Content with
Myself
By Kamaal Majeed
Why don’t you act black? Since my middle school years, I’ve been asked this question more than any other. It seems to me that too many people have what society 1) programs into their brains, what should be expected of me, a black person, before ever interacting with me. But I believe in being who I am, not who others want me to be.
On my first day of high school, going into math class, two of my classmates pointed and laughed at me. I initially thought my fly was open, or that something was 2) stuck in my teeth. But as I took my seat, I heard one of the students whisper, why is a black person taking honors? So my fly wasn’t open. An 3) honors-level class had simply been joined by a student whose skin was an unsettling shade of brown.
Many people think that my clothes should be big enough for me to live in, or expect me to listen exclusively to black music. In seventh grade, a group of my peers 4) fixed their cold stares on my outfit. Cargo shorts and a plain, fitting T-shirt. They 5) called out to me, go get some gangster clothes, white boy.
I am now in my junior year of high school. I still take all of the honors courses. My wardrobe still 6) consists solely of clothes that are appropriate to my proportions. My music library spans from rock to pop to techno, and almost 7) everything in between. When it comes to choosing my friends, I am still 8) colorblind. I continue to do my best work in school in order to reach my goals. And yet, when I look in the mirror, I still see skin of that same shade of brown.
My skin color 9) has done nothing to change my personality, and my personality has done nothing to change my skin color. I believe in being myself. I believe that I — not any stereotype — should 10) define who I am and what actions I take in life.
Unit3
Home ListeningIndian Film Industry, Bollywood,
Steps Up Fight Against Piracy The Indian Hindi language movie industry - popularly known as Bollywood - is stepping up its fight against film piracy both at home and overseas. As Anjana Pasricha reports from New Delhi, Bollywood films lose billions of dollars because of infringement of copyright laws.
In a busy market in Central Delhi, 1) pirated CDs and DVDs of popular Hindi movies produced by the Mumbai-based Bollywood film industry are freely available. Ask a shop owner for DVDs of the 2)
latest Hindi movie hits and he produces them from under the counter. A quick 3) bargain drives down the price from two dollars to just a dollar and a half.
A recent study 4) estimates that India’s entertainment industry loses $4 billion, and 800,000 jobs, each year, because of piracy. These losses are not 5) unique to India. Piracy is also a growing problem in Western countries, like the United States and Britain, which are home to large Indian 6) populations. Film Federation of India Secretary Supran Sen says tens of thousands of people
in these countries buy 7)illegal DVDs of Hindi films. He says these are easily available in small retail stores, usually owned by Indians.
The Western markets have become so big that Bollywood film producers are 8)
basing some of their biggest blockbusters on Indians living overseas. In Mumbai, Komal Nahata, publisher of a Bollywood trade magazine called “Film Information” noted that in.some.cases,9)the overseas market is almost as huge as the Indian market.
The huge scale of the problem has prompted Bollywood to step up the fight against piracy both at home and overseas. On a recent visit to Washington, Indian filmmakers urged American enforcement agencies to help plug the losses suffered by them. An advocacy.group,10)the U.S.-India Business Council, and Americanfilm companies are collaborating
with Bollywood to combat piracy by raisingawareness of the problem with American authorities
Unit4
Home ListeningIt sounds
like Mission Impossible: Sell coffee to China’s tea drinkers. Starbucks’ solution is to select high-profile locations on the 1) busiest streets, where stores are sure to seduce the see-and-be-seen set.
As Starbucks 2) launches an aggressive expansion in China, a coffee frontier steeped in nearly 5,000 years of tea. The goal: to build hip hang-outs that tap into a new taste for China’s 3) emerging middle class.
Starbucks China doesn’t plan any advertising, 4) promotions, or other marketing strategies, aside from sponsoring an on-line coffee club and the occasional office-tower coffee tasting. Instead, the company is counting on selecting such high-visibility, high-traffic cafe locations that they market themselves. Its main advertising 5) medium is the store itself.
Yet Starbucks faces an uphill battle. Local media reported that 70% of people they surveyed would rather not see the chain in Beijing’s 6) Forbidden City. And even for middle-class Chinese, Starbucks is a 7) barely affordable luxury. While retailers say a top marketing weapon in urban China is to charge more for public 8) consumption. That’s because Chinese customers have different priorities than their American yuppie counterparts. Guys 40 years old are not coffee drinkers, 9) but if the environment is good and the coffee is not bad, they’ll come back. The store layout, artwork and food options make Starbucks more friendly to Chinese eyes, but coffee remains the core offering and people don’t go there for the coffee. They go there to 10) present themselves as modern Chinese in a public setting .
Unit5
Home ListeningA Business Creed
To respect my work, my 1) associates and myself. To be honest and fair with them as I expect them to be honest and fair with me. To be a man whose word carries 2) weight. To be a booster, not a knocker; a pusher, not a kicker; a motor, not a clog.
To base my expectations of reward on a solid foundation of service 3) rendered; to be willing to pay the price of success in honest effort. To look upon my work as opportunity, to be seized with joy and make the most of 4) drudgery.
To remember that success lies within myself; in my own brain, my own ambition, my own courage and determination. To expect difficulties and force my way through them, to turn hard experiences into 5) capital for future struggles.
To interest my heart and soul in my work, and 6) aspire to the highest efficiency in the achievement of results. To be patiently receptive of just criticism and profit from its teaching. To treat equals and superiors with.respect,and.subordinates.with.kindly.encouragement.
To make a study of my business duties; to know my work from the ground up. To mix brains with my efforts and use system and method in all I 7) undertake. To find time to do everything needful by never letting time find me or my subordinates doing nothing. To hoard days as a 8) miser does dollars, to make every hour bring me dividends in specific results accomplished. To steer clear of dissipation and regard my health of body and peace of mind 9) as my most precious stock in trade. Finally, to take a good grip on the joy of life; to play the game like a gentleman; 10) to fight against nothing so hard as my own weakness, and endeavor to grow in business capacity, and as a man, with the passage of every day of time.
Unit6
Home ListeningIt’s common
sense that if you are extremely unhappy in your job, and you come home and dump on your spouse about it every day, it could start to wear on the relationship.
So is the opposite true, then? 1) If you’re happy in your job, can your marriage actually improve? According to long-term research conducted by The Love Doctor Terri Orbuch, the answer is “yes”.
Orbuch, who is author of “5 Simple Steps to Take Your Marriage from Good to Great,” has been following and observing hundreds of married couples for nearly a quarter century in order to find out what makes marriages happy, strong and long lasting. She has found that there is a definite positive spillover 2) from work to marriage. Here are her four suggestions on putting this into practice:
Suggestion 1: 3) Seek support and help from your spouse. If you’re having a problem at work, solicit advice from your spouse. Research shows that the need for assistance is one of the three basic needs of all people in relationships (intimacy and reassurance of one’s value are the other two). Seeking solutions to work-related problems together strengthens the marital bond and feeling that “we’re in this together.” Moreover, because your spouse knows you so well, he or she is likely to come up with valuable insights and feedback.
Suggestion 2: 4) “Grow” in your job. A recent large-scale study in Harvard Business Review found that the No. 1 factor 5) that keeps employees happy and motivated in their jobs is “making progress.” Workers who are fulfilled and stimulated during the workday tend to be happier individuals, and much of that happiness gets transferred to their spouse at the end of the day.
Suggestion 3: 6) Practice behaviors that relieve stress. Numerous studies have documented a link between workplace stress and poor health. The two most common workplace stressors are 7) feeling as if you haven’t been heard or supported, and 8) negative interpersonal work relationships. Find ways to express your needs, ask for assistance and manage conflicts at
your job. Good health is sexy and attractive to a spouse, and so is an upbeat attitude.
Suggestion 4: 9) Share your work life. Orbuch’s study found that the happiest marriages are ones in which partners feel their spouse regularly discloses information about his or her life, even details from work that might be deemed “boring.” The bonus: 10) Work life becomes interwoven with home life, promoting a satisfying feeling of work-life balance, which makes you happier overall.
Unit7
Home ListeningWant to help
stop global
warming? Here are some simple things you can do, plus the amount of carbon dioxide you’ll save.
Change a light. 1)replacing one regular light bulb with a compact fluorescent light bulb will save 150 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. Drive less. Walk, bike, 2) carpool or take mass transit more often. You’ll save one pound of carbon dioxide for every mile you don’t drive! Recycle more. You can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide per year by recycling just half of your 3) household waste. Check your tires. Keeping your tires inflated properly can improve 4) gas mileage by more than 3%. Every gallon of gasoline saved keeps 20 pounds of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere! Use less hot water. It takes a lot of energy to heat water. Use less hot water by installing a 5) low-flow showerhead and washing your clothes in cold or warm water. Avoid products with a lot of 6)packaging. You can save 1,200
pounds of carbon dioxide if you cut down your garbage by 10%. Adjust your thermostat. The simple adjustment of moving your thermostat down just 2 degrees in winter and up 2 degrees in summer could save you about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year.
Plant a tree. A single tree will 7)absorb one ton of carbon dioxide over its lifetime. Turn off electronic devices. Simply turning
off your television, DVD player, 8)stereo and computer when you’re not using them will save you thousands of pounds of carbon dioxide a year. Try Meatless Mondays. 9) Skipping meat one day per week would help save over 35,000 gallons of water. Unplug.10)Unplugginghair dryers, phone chargers, toaster ovens and power cords whennot in use can save up to 20% on
home energy use.
Unit8
Home Listening
China and Globalization
As a result of globalization, economic interdependence and interaction between countries are becoming ever stronger. In this massive tide of economic globalization, no country can develop and prosper 1) in isolation. China has learnt from her long history that isolation leads to backwardness. Development, progress and prosperity could only be 2) achieved through opening to and 3) integrating with the outside world, through cooperation with other countries and through absorbing all fine results of human civilization. Therefore, we should embrace and seize the opportunities presented by globalization and adopt reforms to keep up with the steps of the changing world. China’s participation in Globalization is by no means a 4) one-way street. When the world economic growth remains weak, China’s economy is one of the few bright spots. As the World Bank Report pointed out, China’s fast growth helped to drive the 5)recovery in East Asia. Together with policy 6)stimulus in other countries, China’s
performance lifted the region to growth of 6.7 % in 2002, up from 5.5% in 2001. Average regional growth of more than 6% is expected for the next two years, with China increasingly becoming the 7)
engine of the regional economy.
China has also provided the world with the fastest growing market. When more than
1.25 billion people become 8)well-off, the demand on everything will be enormous. Just to give you an example, in the coming 10 years alone, China will import US$ 2 trillion of goods from the outside world. A recent article in the Economist highlighted the benefits brought by China’s growth: “9)Millions offrom consumers in
other countries are gaining from the low prices and high quality of Chinese goods. A billion Chinese are escaping the dire poverty of the past. Businesses across the globe will profit from supplying a vast new market.10)These are wonders to be celebrated, not threats to be agonized over.
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