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阅读提升作业 十四
[来源:学#科#]Module 4 Period 2
Ⅰ. 完形填空
A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 2
on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only 3 for truth. He always 4 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of 5 science may perhaps be considered to 6 as far back as the 7 of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived 8 the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle 9 to suggest that we must learn science 10 observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 11 many important discoveries.
Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later(1564-1642), was the greatest of several great men, 12 lived in Italy, France, Germany, or England, began by 13 to show how many important 14 could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 15 towards the earth than small ones, 16 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the 17 of the leaning Tower of Pisa, let two 18 stones fall and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo’s 19 of going direct to Nature, and proving our 20 and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
【语篇概述】本文是说明文, 介绍了一位成功的科学家应具备的素质。 1. A. use B. time C. speed D. trust
[来源:ZXXK]【解析】选A。考查固定搭配。make full use of为固定短语, 意为“充分利用”。这里指充分采用他所观察的事实。 2. A. worked
B. based
C. lived
D. written
【解析】选B。考查固定搭配。be based on意为“以……为根据”。这里指以明显的事实为依据。 3. A. reason
B. cause
C. advice
D. result
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。这里表述的是他不认为权威就是真理的唯一理由。cause强调的是“根源”, reason强调的是“理由”。 4. A. thinks C. has
B. checks D. learns
【解析】选B。考查逻辑推理。根据后面的内容, 可以推断他总是仔细审核观点并做实验来验证。 5. A. natural C. ancient
B. physical D. modern
【解析】选D。考查逻辑推理。从此句后半部分以及本文最后一句可知应该是指现代科学。 6. A. date
B. keep
C. look
D. take
【解析】选A。考查固定搭配。date back(to. . . )为固定短语, 意思是“追溯到……时间”。 7. A. study
B. time
C. year
D. birth
[来源:]【解析】选B。考查逻辑推理。此处time意思是“时代、时期”。
8. A. across B. in C. between D. among
【解析】选C。考查逻辑推理。根据句意, 此处指的是生活在1214年和1292年之间, 而不是生活在这两年, 故答案为C。 9. A. Schools
B. Ages
C. Days
D. Countries
【解析】选B。考查背景常识。此处the Middle Ages是指“中世纪”, age意思是“时代, 时期”。 10. A. in
B. with
C. on
D. by
【解析】选D。考查介词词义辨析。此处句意为“我们必须通过对我们周围的事情进行观察和做实验来学”。另外, on和by都有“靠、凭借”的意思, 但是on后常常接名词或代词; by后接动名词。 11. A. did
B. made
C. took
D. gave
【解析】选B。考查固定搭配。make a discovery为固定短语, 意思是“发现”, 在此符合题意。 12. A. who
B. when
C. that
D. where
【解析】选A。考查语法搭配。此处who引导一个定语从句, who指代前面的the greatest(of several great men)。 13. A. ways C. levels
B. degrees D. chances
【解析】选B。考查固定搭配。此处by degrees为固定短语, 相当于gradually, 意思是“渐渐地, 逐渐地”。在此符合题意。 14. A. truths
B. problems
C. people
D. subjects
【解析】选A。考查逻辑推理。根据语境, 此处是指通过观察来发现很多重要的真理(truth), 而不是问题。
15. A. slowly C. lightly
B. rapidly D. heavily
[来源:ZXXK]
【解析】选B。考查逻辑推理。此处讲述的是在伽利略之前的所谓有学问的科学家的观点, 即重量大的物体比重量较小的物体落到地球上的速度更快。而这种想法后来被伽利略证明是错误的。所以用rapidly。 16. A. although C. when
B. because D. if
【解析】选B。考查逻辑推理。这里所说的“large bodies fell more _______ towards the earth than small ones”的观点, 其实是指当时亚里士多德的观点, 当时人们都把他当作权威。所以是“因为亚里士多德这样说。”故选B。 17. A. place
B. foot
C. top
D. ceiling
【解析】选C。考查逻辑推理。此处指这一实验是在比萨斜塔的塔顶上进行的, 因此答案为C。 18. A. big
B. small
C. equal
D. unequal
【解析】选D。考查逻辑推理。根据上文所说的, 人们相信大物体总比小物体下落快。为了做实验来验证亚里士多德的这一观点是错误的, 伽利略到比萨斜塔的塔顶上同时放下两个“体积不等的”石块。 19. A. spirit
B. skill
C. theory
D. discovery
【解析】选A。考查逻辑推理。从上文可以看出, 这就是伽利略直接走向大自然的精神, 也正是由于伽利略这一深入事物本质, 并通过实验证明观点和理论的精神引领了所有现代科学的发现。此处spirit意思是“精神”。 20. A. plans
B. opinions
C. world
D. ability
【解析】选B。考查逻辑推理。此处opinion意思是“观点”。伽利略通过实验证
明我们的观点和理论的精神引领了所有现代科学的发现。 Ⅱ. 阅读理解
Albert Einstein(1879-1955)was one of the greatest scientific thinkers of all time. Born of Jewish parents at Ulm in Germany, he pleted his education in Switzerland and got his Ph. D. at the University
of Zurich. He went to live in the United States in 1933 because of the rise of Nazism in Germany and Hitler’s persecution(迫害)of the Jews.
In 1905, while still at Zurich, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed. Of two trains are standing alongside each other and one train starts to move, a person sitting in the train may wonder whether his own train is moving or the other is moving, and before he finds out what is happening, he can see that one train is moving relatively to the other.
From this and also from other more plicated facts, Einstein came to the conclusion that all motion is relative and that there is really no such things as absolute motion. Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light, and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light.
By 1915, Einstein had made known for his General Theory of Relativity. He also improved on Newton’s theory of gravity. Most of his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange. For his important work he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.
【语篇概述】本文属于人物传记类文章, 讲述了著名科学家爱因斯坦, 以及其《相对论》。
2015-2016学年高中英语必修4全套打包232阅读提升作业 十四 Module 4 Period 2
