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专题三：被动语态及重要it用法和定语
第一部分:
（一） 简单介绍
（1）被动语态的构成形式：be+动词的过去分词
被动语态的时态变化只变化be的形式（其变化规则与be相同），过去分词部分不变。 （2）被动语态在句型中的考查主要有三种形式：
1、 含有一个宾语的结构（即“主语+谓语+宾语”的形式）
2、 含有两个宾语的结构（即“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的形式） 3、 含有复合宾语的结构（即“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的形式） （二）中考考点
1、 被动语态在不同时态（含有情态动词）中的运用;
(广州06) As usual, Meihua ________ at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school. A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up (06) We should water the young trees every two days.
The young trees should be watered by us every two days. 2、 含有介词的短语动词的被动用法；
(广州05) A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It ______ while we were on holiday.
A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of 3、 本身构成被动的固定短语或句型的运用（近五年未出现在广州市中考试题中）；例如： It is well known that Edison is an outstanding inventor. This kind of books is made of recycled paper. 4、 双宾结构以及复合宾语结构的主动变被动的用法（考查双宾结构的主动变被动用法近五年未出现在广
州市中考试题中）；
(广州03) The policeman made the young woman move her car.
The young woman was made to move her car by the policeman.
(广州05) Miss King saw Bill helping a blind man cross the street yesterday afternoon. Yesterday afternoon Bill was seen helping a blind man cross the street by Miss King. （三） 学生易错点
典型错题一： （01广州市中考题）
The man who lived alone on the island thought he ____ never be ______.
A. will, find B. would, be found C. is, found D. had, been found
原因分析：学生受thought的影响，认为“没有被人发现”是在宾语从句结构中，因此时态应该为过去完成时态D，但是此题应该是一个对于语境的考查题，the man过去独自一人居住在岛上，因此“过去的过去”没有被人发现是事实，但是句中never的隐含着“永远不”的意思，语义上更倾向于“过去的将来”，故而答案应该为B。 典型错题二：（02广州市中考题）
Don’t worry. All the children _______ by the nurses. A. are well taken care of B. take good care of C. are taken good care D. take good care
原因分析：学生想当然地认为短语take care of 中可以用形容词good修饰名词care的情况是唯一正确的形式，没有意识到在动词+介词/ 副词结构中，介词或副词是不可以随意丢弃的，再者，短语take care of本身可以看作一个动词结构，副词well修饰动词的用法也是正确的。因此答案只能是A。
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典型错题三：
Can you tell me whom the play _____ in 2003?
A. is written B. was written C. is written by D. was written by 原因分析：学生看到了四个选项就已经很明确地知道了考查被动语态结构，接着看到题干中的in 2003就已经乐开了，而忽视了题干中whom的存在，误选了答案B。正确答案为D。 典型错题四：区别本身只具有主动意义的词（近五年未出现在广州市中考试题中）； Can you tell me ___________?
A. when did it happen B. when it happened C. when was it happened D. when it was happened
原因分析：学生误以为happen是及物动词而选择D，正确答案为B。 第二部分、强化训练 （一）单项选择
1. We know that English ______ all over the world.
A. is spoken B. is speaking C. speaks D. has spoken 2. Computer ____ in everyday life in this country before long. A. is used B. will use C. will be used D. was used 3. It’s true that his bad teeth ____ out by himself.
A. has been pulled B. have been pulled C. has pulled D. pulled 4. I’ve told the old man his money _____ by the policemen.
A. has been found B. have been found C. have found out D. has found 5. What ______just now?
A. was happened B. were happened C. happened D. happens 6. The children ______ not to play with the fire . A. are told B. tell C. are asking D. warn 7. ---____ the Internet _____ in your school?
---Yes , but the computer in our office often refuses to work. A. Is, used B. Is, using C. Does, use D. Has, used 8. ---Something is wrong with the car.
---Don’t worry. I’ll have it _______ soon. A. fixed B. mending C .to repair D. to fix
9. ---- Football by the British at the beginning of last century.
---- That’s probably why football is one of the most popular games in England. A. was invented B. invented C. was inventing D. invents 10. The PRC was ______ on October 1st 1949.
A. found B. find C. founding D. founded
11. I turned back only to find myself ______ by a group of beggars. A. follow B. following C. to follow D. followed 12. Now her lost books are usually______ the library. A .returned B .returned to C. paid D. paid to
13. Paul doesn’t have to be made ______.He always works hard. A. to learn B. learn C. learning D. learns 14. ---My trousers are______ . ---I’ll buy you a new pair.
A. wore out B. worn out C. wearing out D. sold out
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15. Don’t you know sweaters can’t _______ that way?
A. be washed B. being washed C. being washing D. wash 16. The broken cup _____ away by the boy already.
A. has been thrown B. is thrown C. is being thrown D. threw 17. _________ that Ann is a very clever girl.
A. It’s believed B. It’s believe C. It is believing D. It’s believed to 18. Everyone except Jim and Bill ____ some sweets . A. gives B. is given C. give D. are given
19. I think the sick boy must _____ to the hospital as soon as possible. A. be taken B. been taken C. being taken D. take 20. Most of rice in China _____ in the south. A. are grown B. is grown C. grow D. grows
21. Students ________ slippers when they are at school.
A. don’t allow to wear B. are not allowed to wear C. are not allowed to put on D. are not allowed wearing 22. The 2010 Asian Games _______ in Guangzhou.
A. is held B. was held C. has held D. will be held 23. I will go to the party if I ________.
A. invited B. was invited C. have invited D. am invited 24. Great changes ______ in Guangzhou in the past ten years. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. have happened D. have been happened
25. Oh, what a big shop! Do you know when it _____?
A. built B. was built C. has built D. has been built 参考答案
1-5 ACBAC 6-10 AAAAD 11-15 DBABA 16-20 AABAB 21-25 BDDAB 一、 it做形式主语，to do做真正主语：
1. It is /was + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.. 2. It is /was + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.. 3. It takes sb. some time /money + to do sth.. 例如：
1). 对我们来说保护环境很重要。
_____________________________________________________________________ 2). 保持大自然的平衡是有必要的。
_____________________________________________________________________ 3). 你不原谅别人的错误，真傻。
_____________________________________________________________________ 4). 在五分钟之内计算出这道数学难题，Sandy真聪明。
_____________________________________________________________________ 5). 对Sandy来说在五分钟之内计算出这道数学难题是不可能的。
______________________________________________________________________ 二、 it做形式宾语，to do 做真正宾语：
Sb. thinks/… + it + adj. + ( for sb. ) + to do sth.. 6). 我发现学习一门外语很重要。
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_____________________________________________________________________ 7). 他认为看动作片更兴奋。
_____________________________________________________________________ 三、 做定语修饰名词的几种形式： 1．形容词 + 名词： 2．名词 + 介词短语：
3．名词 + 动词的现在分词短语： 4．名词 + 动词的过去分词短语： 5．名词 + 动词不定式（to do）： 例如：
8). 他是一个有耐心的人，他花费大量时间给学生解释一切。
______________________________________________________________________ 9). 我们不喜欢有暴力的动作片。
_______________________________________________________________________ 10).这里有一些正在影院放映的电影的信息。
_______________________________________________________________________ 11).她很讨厌由冯晓刚导演的电影。
_______________________________________________________________________ 12).我们的班长是每天最后一个离开教室的人。
_______________________________________________________________________ 13).我们的世界充满了色彩。我们住在一个充满了色彩的世界里。
________________________________________________________________________ 14).成龙演的动作片有很多打斗。
________________________________________________________________________ 15).我阿姨穿紫色衣服看起来更漂亮。穿紫色衣服的妇女是我的阿姨。
________________________________________________________________________ 四、定语从句：
先行词（中心名词）+ who/that(人) +谓语（形式取决于前面的先行词）+其它。 先行词（中心名词）+ which/that(物)+谓语（形式取决于前面的先行词）+其它。 16).大多数人选择住在朝南的房子里。
__________________________________________________________________________ 17).这部电影是关于一位在乘船旅游时爱上了一位男士的女士。
___________________________________________________________________________ 18).《老北京的故事》是一部显示给我们看过去的北京是什么样子的三个小时的记录片。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 五、如此……以致……; so & such: 1. so + adj./ adv. + that + 从句.
2. such + a/an + adj. + n.(单数) + that + 从句. such + adj. + n.(复数/不可数) + that + 从句. 3. so many + n.(复数) 4. so much + n.(不可数)
1).他是这么有想象力，以至于他能想到很多新的点子。
____________________________________________________________________________ 2).这是如此糟糕的天气，我宁愿呆在家里看书。
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____________________________________________________________________________ 3).她是这么聪明的女孩，以至她可以在每次考试中取得高分。
____________________________________________________________________________ 4).这个学期我们有这么多的考试。
____________________________________________________________________________ 5).家里有这么多的吵闹声，电视的噪音几乎要把我逼疯了。
____________________________________________________________________________ 六、跟doing的几个固定用法：
1. enjoy / like /dislike /hate doing sth. 2. finish doing sth. 3. miss doing sth.
4. have fun / have a good time doing sth. 5. have problems/ difficulty doing sth. 6. look forward to doing sth. 7. be busy doing sth. 8. feel like doing sth.
9. go + doing( swimming/ skating/ walking/ hiking/ fishing/ shopping/jogging/…) 10. do some/ the + doing( shopping/ reading/ washing/ cooking/ cleaning/…) 11. practice doing sth. 12. keep sb. doing sth.
13. devote some time to doing sth. 14. spend some time (in) doing sth. 15. mind (my/…) doing sth.
16. prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 17. be used to doing sth.(习惯做某事)
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专题五1：5被动语态及重要it用法和定语中考英语专题复习资料
