专题12定语从句——精讲深剖
真题速递
1.（2024·江苏卷·单项填空） We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which 【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。
2.（2024·天津卷·单项填空）11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why 【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
3.(2024·新课标I卷·短文改错)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. 【答案】One afternoon
B. where
C. which
D. what
B. what
C. when
D. that
where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. when【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
4.(2024·新课标II卷·语法填空)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ______ she opened with her late husband Les. 【答案】where
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
5.(2024·新课标III卷·语法填空)They were well trained by their masters ______ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
6.（2024·新课标III卷·短文改错) In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them. 【答案】
In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment
is created for them.
【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。
7.(2024·浙江卷·语法填空）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______gives off light in the dark. 【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
8.（2024·北京卷·语法填空）What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. 【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
9.（2024·北京卷·语法填空）The students benefiting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. 【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。 10.（2024·北京） She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. A. which 【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that不能
B. who C. as D. that
引导非限制性定语从句。
11.（2024·天津）Kate, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. A. whom 【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一 室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。 12.(2024·江苏)Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. A. that 【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
13.(2024·新课标I卷·语法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。 14.(2024·新课标I卷·短文改错)They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish. 【答案】 which改成in which或where
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在面的
定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。
15.(2024·新课标II卷·语法填空)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
16.（2024·新课标II卷·语法填空)Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries
B. that C. whose D. her
B. where C. which D. when
once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 【答案】that或who
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
考纲解读
定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从 句中的运用。主要考点有：
①关系代词 which引导的非限制性定语从句
②关系副词where引导的定语从句（近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间念的名词的情况) ③介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句;as引导的非限制性定语从句。
知识梳理
关系代词
关系代词 who whom whose (＝of whom/of which) that which 先行词 人 表语 人 人或物 人或物 物 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) 定语 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
句法功能 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、
as
人或物 主语、宾语 Each graduate standing on the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.
每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等待校长给他们颁发毕业文凭。 My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home. 我的女儿总不在家，她的工作需要经常出差。 1．关系代词that与which的用法
(1)限制性定语从句中只用that不用which的情况：
①先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？
②先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
③先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 ④定语从句出现在which或who的特殊疑问句中时用that。 Which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢的自行车？
Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？
⑤有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。 They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution. 他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这家工厂生产可能会造成污染的东西。 ⑥当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
⑦主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，用that不用which引导。
2024年高考英语必考点全梳理专题12-定语从句(精讲深剖)附答案
