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3) 4) 5) 6)

whichever / whatever condition our captain thought was the best Wherever / No matter where I go

whatever wishes their child/children expresses/express

However disappointed / No matter how disappointed you may feel about the surroundings/ environment/situation 7) Whoever breaks it

8) whenever he concentrates on a problem

2. The structure ¡°It is¡­that/who¡­¡± is used to achieve emphasis, as shown in the following

sentences taken from Text A.

Now correct the mistakes in the following sentences, if any. Write NONE under the correct sentence(s).

¨} Answers for reference:

1) It is not luck but hard work that led him to today¡¯s success.

2) Prof. Moen argues that it is energy that makes the world go round.

3) It was not until he had proved he was honest that he won the family¡¯s trust. 4) It was clearly the headmaster himself who/that opened the door for me. 5) NONE

Cloze

Complete the following passage with words and phrases chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each target word is given. ¨} Answers:

1) classical 2) notion 3) utility 4) ground 5) occurs 6) goodness 7) as to 8) possesses 9) bound

10) mirror 11) virtuous 12) commitment 13) moral excellence

Translation

1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.

¨} Answers for reference:

7) The friendship grounded on common / shared interest does not break up easily. / It is not

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8) 9) 10) 11) 12)

easy for the friendship grounded on common /s hared interest to break up.

Children must learn to distinguish between violence and bravery / courage in computer games.

There spring up so many new things every day in the world that it is no longer sensible to expect a person to know / keep track of everything.

Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal to friends; that is why there is what we call / is called ¡°the court of morality¡±.

Today¡¯s culture is described as ¡°fast-food culture¡±. Whatever they may be/are doing, people just pursue the greatest / maximum satisfaction within the shortest time.

As the saying goes, there is no such thing as a free lunch. If you want something, go and earn / work for it.

a) Translate the following paragraph into English using the words and expressions in the box

below.

¨} Answers for reference:

As is commonly acknowledged / It is commonly recognised that humans are social animals. Living together in a community, we naturally expect to have friends. As to what friendship is, we have read different definitions given by Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher, and Cicero, a Roman statesman. No one will deny that some people make friends simply for mutual utility. Once the ground for such friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. However, a lot more people long for ¡°soul pals¡±¡ª those who possess virtues and with whom we can go through trials and tribulations together. Such friendships keep us away from greed and violence and inspire us to have the courage of our convictions. Such is what we call ¡°true friendship¡±. It is in the company of such friends that we find ourselves surpassing our old selves and becoming better persons / people.

Unit Four sports

Enhance Your Language Awareness

Words in Action

¨~ Working with Words and Expressions

1. In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the

following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ¨~ Answers: 1) narrowly 2) proceeded 3) features 4) crawl 5) spun 6) flashed 7) qualify 8) Despite 9) congratulate 10) consultant

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11) compete 12) disciplined 13) confessed 14) tripped

2. In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ¨~ Answers: 1) kind of 2) are in for 3) came in

4) rose to their feet 5) brought up

6) made ¡­ a fool of herself 7) under wraps

8) get hot under the collar 9) looked the part 10) in an emergency 11) has had her eye on 12) is ¡­ taking shape 13) bring out

14) put in/ squeeze in 15) win ¡­ hands down

¨~ Increasing Your Word Power

1. Choose two verbs from Column B for each noun in Column A, paying attention to the v.+ n.

collocation. Write down the verbs in the space provided before the corresponding noun. The first item has been done for you. Answers:

Column A Column B

1) break / set the record applaud form

award hold 2£©embody / represent an idea

break host 3£©award / win a medal congratulate reach 4£©hold/ host the Olympic Games represent 5£©applaud / congratulate an Olympic champion cross

6) form/ forge a friendship embody set 7) cross/ reach the finish line forge win

Now fill in each blank in the following sentences with a verb in Column B. Change the verb form where necessary. ¨} Answers:

1) applaud

2) embodies/represents 3) forged/formed 4) congratulated 5) broken 6) awarded

7) crossed/reached 8) host

2. The suffix ¡°¨Ccy¡± can be added to some adjectives, nouns or verbs to form nouns, meaning ¡°the state or quality of¡­¡±, or ¡°the status or position of¡­¡±. Now form new words after the example and give their meanings in Chinese. Consult a dictionary if necessary. ¨~ Answers: 1) accurate ¡ú accuracy ¾«È·£¬×¼È·(¶È) -

2) adequate 3) consistent 4) delicate 5) efficient 6) intimate 7) president 8) private 9) secret

10) self-sufficient ¡ú ¡ú ¡ú ¡ú ¡ú ¡ú ¡ú ¡ú ¡ú adequacy consistency delicacy efficiency intimacy presidency privacy secrecy self-sufficiency Êʵ±£»³ä·Ö Ò»ÖÂÐÔ£»Á¬¹áÐÔ Ï¸ÖÂ;¾«Ö ЧÄÜ£¬Ð§ÂÊ Ç×ÃÜ£¬ÃÜÇÐ ×ÜͳµÈµÄְλ Òþ˽£»¶À´¦ ±£ÃÜ£»±£ÃÜÄÜÁ¦ ×Ô¸ø×Ô×ã

Now fill in the blanks in the following sentences by choosing the proper words you have just formed. ¨~Answers: 1) secrecy 2) presidency 3) consistency 4) efficiency 5) privacy 6) intimacy 7) accuracy

8) self-sufficiency 9) adequacy 10) delicacy

Grammar in Context

1. Study the following sentences, each of which contains either an ¡°appositive phrase¡± or an

¡°appositive clause¡±, and then do the following task.

Now translate the following sentences into English, using either an ¡°appositive phrase¡± or an ¡°appositive clause¡± . ¨~ Answers for reference:

1) Football, his only hobby in life, has brought him many friends.

2) The President of the company, Mrs Jones, held a press conference after the board meeting. 3) The question whether to confess or not has been troubling little Tom.

4) You should not have any doubt about the fact that the criminal has been arrested.

5) The news was immediately spread far and wide that Beijing had won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.

2. Study the following sentences from this unit, paying special attention to the constructions ¡°not¡­ but¡­¡± and ¡°not only/simply¡­but (also)¡­¡±, and then do the following task.

Now answer the questions with the help of the hints given in brackets, using the constructions ¡°not¡­ but¡­¡± and ¡°not only/simply¡­but (also)¡­¡±. ¨~ Answers for reference:

1) No, he didn¡¯t come to help, but to hinder us.

2) It is not the players, but the supporters that are responsible for football hooliganism. 3) No, their intent is not to catch all speeders but to catch enough to give them a warning. 4) I¡¯m not only willing, but (also) eager to join the volunteer team for the World Cup. 5) No. He translates into English not only from French, but (also) from Polish. 6) Because its appeal lies not only in its story but also in the ethical issues it raises.

¨~ Answers: (1) disciplined

Cloze

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(2) having ¡­ eye ¡­ on (3) hands down (4) in for (5) hitting

(6) under wraps (7) add¡­support to (8) hot under the collar (9) fouling

(10) tremendously (11) reassured (12) qualify

(13) formed/forged (14) breaking

Translation

1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in

brackets.

¨~ Answers for reference:

1) The gasoline price is now at an all-time high, which has brought about wide public

concern.

2) He found that fish and rice feature the Japanese diet, and he then proceeded to write a

report on Japanese cooking culture.

3) The spectators expected me to come in first but they were in for a shock. With a tumble,

my chances for a gold medal in figure skating evaporated.

4) He was a beggar but he didn¡¯t look the part at all, because he was clean-shaven, wearing

glasses and a brand-new suit.

5) Having tripped over another athlete¡¯s foot, he fell down on the track, but soon rose to his

feet and limped to the finish line.

6) On such a grand occasion I didn¡¯t want to make a fool of myself, so I decided to take the

challenge and compete against that youngster.

2. Translate the following paragraph into English, using the words and expressions in the box below.

¨~ Answers for reference:

A gold medal is a tribute to the athletic talent, determination and courage of an Olympic champion. Then how do the athletes make themselves fortunate enough to be so highly honored? The champions who have mounted the winners¡¯ stand can offer an answer based on their own experiences. First, in the course of training, they visualize themselves as champions. Once their dreams of becoming champions take shape, they will cling to them courageously. What¡¯s more, top performers are driven to bring out their best. They discipline themselves and squeeze in every possible minute to practice every day. Despite their relentless efforts, they may sometimes fail to win or narrowly miss a gold medal, yet they believe in themselves and never lose heart. They are ready to take on the most psychologically and technically challenging tasks or competitions. In reality, all champions have experienced lots of hardships on their way to the vital break of their lifetime. So we won¡¯t and can¡¯t say that a champion is lucky. After all, luck only strikes those prepared to capitalize on it.