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【语法详解】过去进行时
一、过去进行时的定义
过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如:
I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那时,我正在跟李华谈话。 I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看电视。 二、过去进行的构成
过去进行时由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。如: Someone is knocking the door. 有人在敲门。 Steam was rising from the coffee. 咖啡冒着热气。 Clouds were flying across the sky. 云彩飘过天空。
注意有些was (were) doing sth不是现在进行时,而是系表结构,其中的doing sth是动名词,不是现在分词。如:
Her job was washing clothes. 她的工作是洗衣裳。 Her hobby was growing roses. 她的爱好是种植玫瑰。
Her suggestion was having our conversation in French. 她的建议是我们用法语交谈。
三、过去进行时的主要用法
1. 表示在过去某一点时间或某一段时正在进行的动作。如:
I was having a bath when the phone rang. 我正在洗澡,突然电话铃响了。 She was writing letters. I didn’t want to disturb her. 她在写信。我不想打扰她。 2. 表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况,这种情况通常不会长期如此。如:
It happened while I was living in Eastboume last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在伊斯特本的时候。
3. 表示为过去的将来安排好的活动和事件。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下,通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。如:
He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。
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用arrive, come, go, leave等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排,也通常有含有将来意义。如:
Four of them were coming for Sunday lunch. 他们有四个人将在星期天来吃午饭。 Her daughter was going to a summer camp the following day. 她的女儿将在第二天去参加夏令营。
4. 动词 hope, wonder 等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如:
I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知您能不能让我搭一下车。 I was thinking it might be a good idea to keep the window open. 我看还是把窗户开着的好。
注:一般过去时也有类似用法,相比之处,一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的,而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 5. 过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever, perpetually, repeatedly等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用,强调动作的不断重复的。如: She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。 He was constantly changing his mind. 他老是改变主意。 She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。
注:现在进行时也有类似用法,但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作,而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。
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