She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire. ①
Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特1816~1855
①
It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood School
It is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. ②
Emily Bronte艾米莉?勃朗特1818~1854 ① < Wuthering Heights>呼啸山庄 A story about two familie and an intruding stranger. 【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine, Heathcliff
【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella ② < Old Stoic>
George Eliot乔治?艾略特1819~1880
①
Part 7 prose-writers and poets of the mid and late 19th century
Chapter 1 Thomas Carlyle
He was elected Lord Rector of Edinburgh University
He is a literary critic Sartor Resartus
The French Revolution Heroes and Hero-Worship Past and Present
Chapter 2 Ruskin and some other prose-writers
1 John Ruskin
He is a critic. Art criticism and social criticism
He is a social thinker and a master of English. His prescription for the contemporary social problems was faulty, but he sincerely sympathized with the people and exposed with holy wrath the evils Modern Painters 2 Matthew Arnold 3 Macaulay
Chapter 3 Alfred Tennyson1809~1892
（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人） Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人） ① < In Memoriam>悼念
To memorialize his friend
② < Break, Break, Break>冲击、冲击、冲击 ③ < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗
Chapter 4
Robert Browning罗伯特?白朗宁1812~1889
A follower of Shelley ① < My Last Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人 ② < Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思 ③ Pippa Passes
Elizabeth Barrett Browing:
①
He introduced to English poetry a new form ,the dramatic monologue
He has been praised as a \genius in courageous and high- hearted figure\well-known for buoyant optimism.
Chapter 5 the Rossettis and Swinburne
1 Dante Gabriel Rossetti Poem: The Blessed Damozel 2 Christina Georgina Rossetti Poem: Goblin Market 3 Fitzgerald's Rubaiyat
4 Algernon Charles Swinburne
Chapter 6 William Morris
Poet, artist, socialist
Poem:
The Defence of Guenvere The Life and Death of Jason The Early Paradise Sigurd the Volsung
The aim of his works is to bring beauty into the life of his countrymen Prose:
A Dream of Jhon Ball News from Nowhere
Chapter 7 literary trens at the end of the century 1 naturalism:
Naturalism is a literary trend prevailing in Euope. According to the naturalism, literature must be ture to life and exactly reproduce real life, including all its details without any selection. They usually write about the life of the poor and oppressed, or the slum life, they can oly represent the external appearance instead of the inner essence of real life. George Gissing,:
Dissatisfied with the drab and ugly social reality and yet trying to avoid the positive solution of the acute social contradictions. They laid emphasis upon the invention of exciting adventures and fascinating stories to entertain the reading public. They led the novel back towards stiry-telling and to romance.
Robert Louis Stevenson
Art for sake. Art should serve no religious, moral or social ens, nor any end except itself. Walter Pater:< Studies in the History of the Renaissance> later called The Renaissance
Hte \the sole \
Oscar Wilde奥斯卡?王尔德1856~1900
（The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake）
① 4 Comedies:
Part 8 20th century English literature
Chapter 1 the new century: social and historical background 1911-1914 three great strikes
The colonial division of the world by the capital powers had been completed by the end of 19
WWI1914-1918
1929, economic crisis broke out 1930s, were called Red Decade
Chapter 2 English novel of early 20th century 1 the realist
They sought for new ways and means of revealing the truth of life. Samuel Bulter, George Meredith, Herbert George Wells 2 Rudyard Kipling
\
诗集：Barrak Room Ballad营房诗集;The Seven Seas七海;Recession and Other Poems赞美诗及其他;The Five Nations五国
长篇小说：Kim基姆;Captain Courageous勇敢的船长
短篇小说：Plain Tales from the Hills;Soldiers There;The Story of the Gadsby;Life Handcap生命的阻力;The Jungle Book;The Second Jungle Book林莽之书;The Lost Legion Arnold Bennett:
The Old Wive's Tale Joseph Concrad
①
The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of people’s skin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans’ heart. 2.What is the symbolism of black and white
【Black / dark- 】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized
Middle Ages, when science and knowledge was suppressed, as the Dark Ages.
According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light.
According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was considered to be in the “dark stage”.
【White / light】life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.
Yet, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and darkness means truth(The truth within, therefore dark and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo. The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind.
White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths. The trade in ivory is white and dirty.Kurtz the white man is totally corrupt 3.Comment
The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies. Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a symbol of enlightenment, was once \of the darker places of the earth\before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons.But civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background.
This savagery is seen in Kurtz. Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has de-evolved into a primitive state. 4.Character 【Kurtz】 represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective,
civilized environment.
【Marlow】 represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dark, alienating jungle. 5.Narrative Structure
In Heart of Darkness, we have an outside narrator telling us a story he has heard from Marlow. The story Marlow tells centers around Kurtz.However, most of what Marlow knows about Kurtz, he has learned from others.They have good reason for not being truthful to Marlow. Therefore Marlow has to piece together much of Kurtz’s story. Henry James: Daisy Miller
The portrait of a Lady The Wings of the Dove The ambassadors The Golden Bowl Katerrine Mansfield: In a German Pension Bliss
The Garden Party
Chapter 3 Thomas Hardy哈代1840-1928 Under the Greenwood Tree绿茵下; Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣; The Return of the Native还乡;
The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长; Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;J ude the Obscure无名的裘德
诗集：Wessex Poems 威塞克斯诗集 史诗剧：The Dynasts统治者三部曲
Chapter 4 John Galworthy高尔斯华绥1867-1933 From the Four Winds天涯海角 (The Man of Property有产业的人; In Chancery骑虎难下;
To Let出租→The Forsyte Saga福尔塞世家); (The White Monkey白猿; The Silver Spoon银匙; Swan Song天鹅曲
→A Modern Comedy现代喜剧) 剧作：The Silver Box银匣; Strife斗争
Chapter 5 the Irish dramatic movement 1 the Abbey Theatre and Lady Gregory 2 John Millington:
英国文学简史笔记(刘炳善著)
