英国文学简史笔记(刘炳善著)

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Chapter 3 John Bunyan约翰?班扬1628~1688

（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。） Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)

①Religionary Allegory:天路历程

Chapter 4 metaphysical poets and Cavalier poets

Besides Milton and Bunyan, other poets and writers whose works express quite different ideas and sentiments. They are called metapysicals by Samuel Johnson 1 John Donne

the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人). Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought） Artistic features:

1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻 2. syllogism三段论 ① Meditations 沉思录

The Flea 虱子 ② Songs And Sonnets Holy Sonnets ③Valediction: 2 George Herbert

The saint of the metaphysical school Sing the glory of God Altar

3 Andrew Marvell A puritan

To his coy mistress

4 Henry Vaughan and Richard Crashaw: Two religios poets

Capter 5 some prose-writers

Robert Burton:

Masterpiece: the Anatomy of Melancholy Thomas Browme: Religio Medici Jeremy Taylor: Holy Living Holy Dying Izaak Walton:

The Compleat Angker

Chapter 6 Restoration literature

1 restoration comedy:

The restoration comedy is notorious for its licentiousness, being full of love intrigue, and seduction and promiscurity Jhon Dryden All For Love

Absalom and Achitophel

English literature of the Restoration period was modelled on the literature of France where classicism was then prevailing. According to classicism, drama and prose should all be controlled by some fixed rules.

Part 4 the 18th century

A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy

The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)

小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)

Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)

Chapter 1 the enlightenment and classicism in English literature

1 the enlightenment and 18th century England ①\ Industrial Revolution

②the enlightenment in Europe: an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism ③the English Enlighteners 2 classicism:

The classicists modelled themselves on Greek and Latin authors, and try to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. The English classicists followed these standards in their writings.

But the basic difference between Dryden and the 18th century enlighteners lies in the fact that the former wrote to please the declining aristocracy during the Restoration period while latter wrote for the rising bourgeoisie to tidy up the capitalist social order.

Chapter 2 Addison and Steele

1 Steele and The Tatler Richard Steele:

The Christian Hero（a pamphlet） The Tatler(a paper)

The pectator(in conjunction with Addison) Theatre

2 Joseph Addison

The Campaign(a poem)

Cato (tragedy)

Sum up Addison's and Steele's contribution to the English literature:

①their writings afford a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeosie ②they give a true picture of the social life of Engish in 18th century

③in the hands of them, the English essay had completely established itself as a literary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and story-telling, they ushered in the dawn of modern English novel.

Chapter 2 Alexander Pope亚历山大?蒲柏1688~1744

（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）

One of the first to introduce rationalism to England. ①批评论a diactic poem

Artistic features:

1.Using “heroic couplets”

② 卷发遇劫记 ③ 道德论人论

愚人记 poem Pope was an outstanding enlightener and the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18th century. Frequently writing in the form of heroic couplets

Chapter 4 Jonathan Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特1667~1745

（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。） ① 格列佛游记(fictional work) Four parts:

Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛一个小小的建议 ② 书战

③ 木桶的故事

④ 一个麻布商的书信

His language is simple and clear and vigorous. He is a master satirist, and his irony id deadly.

Chapter 5 Daniel Defoe丹尼尔?笛福1660~1731

（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）

He is the first writer study of the lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. ① 鲁宾逊漂流记

It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.

Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.

It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie.