Chapter 3 John Bunyan约翰?班扬1628~1688
(代表作《天路历程》,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。) Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)
①Religionary Allegory:
Chapter 4 metaphysical poets and Cavalier poets
Besides Milton and Bunyan, other poets and writers whose works express quite different ideas and sentiments. They are called metapysicals by Samuel Johnson 1 John Donne
the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人). Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗):(用语)the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.(主题:love, religious, thought) Artistic features:
1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻 2. syllogism三段论 ① Meditations 沉思录
The Flea 虱子 ② Songs And Sonnets Holy Sonnets ③Valediction:
The saint of the metaphysical school Sing the glory of God Altar
3 Andrew Marvell A puritan
To his coy mistress
4 Henry Vaughan and Richard Crashaw: Two religios poets
Capter 5 some prose-writers
Robert Burton:
Masterpiece: the Anatomy of Melancholy Thomas Browme: Religio Medici Jeremy Taylor: Holy Living Holy Dying Izaak Walton:
The Compleat Angker
Chapter 6 Restoration literature
1 restoration comedy:
The restoration comedy is notorious for its licentiousness, being full of love intrigue, and seduction and promiscurity Jhon Dryden All For Love
Absalom and Achitophel
English literature of the Restoration period was modelled on the literature of France where classicism was then prevailing. According to classicism, drama and prose should all be controlled by some fixed rules.
Part 4 the 18th century
A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy
The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)
小说崛起:In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)
Gothic novel(哥特式小说):mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)
Chapter 1 the enlightenment and classicism in English literature
1 the enlightenment and 18th century England ①\ Industrial Revolution
②the enlightenment in Europe: an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism ③the English Enlighteners 2 classicism:
The classicists modelled themselves on Greek and Latin authors, and try to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. The English classicists followed these standards in their writings.
But the basic difference between Dryden and the 18th century enlighteners lies in the fact that the former wrote to please the declining aristocracy during the Restoration period while latter wrote for the rising bourgeoisie to tidy up the capitalist social order.
Chapter 2 Addison and Steele
1 Steele and The Tatler Richard Steele:
The Christian Hero(a pamphlet) The Tatler(a paper)
The pectator(in conjunction with Addison) Theatre
2 Joseph Addison
The Campaign(a poem)
Cato (tragedy)
Sum up Addison's and Steele's contribution to the English literature:
①their writings afford a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeosie ②they give a true picture of the social life of Engish in 18th century
③in the hands of them, the English essay had completely established itself as a literary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and story-telling, they ushered in the dawn of modern English novel.
Chapter 2 Alexander Pope亚历山大?蒲柏1688~1744
(18世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。)
One of the first to introduce rationalism to England. ①
Artistic features:
1.Using “heroic couplets”
②
Chapter 4 Jonathan Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特1667~1745
(十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。) ①
Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛 一个小小的建议 ②
③ 木桶的故事
④
His language is simple and clear and vigorous. He is a master satirist, and his irony id deadly.
Chapter 5 Daniel Defoe丹尼尔?笛福1660~1731
(小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。)
He is the first writer study of the lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. ①
It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.
Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.
It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie.
②
He was the real founder of the realistic novel in England.
Chapter 6 Samuel Richrardson
Pamela Clarissa
Chapter 7 Henry Fielding亨利?菲尔丁1707~1754
(英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为“英国小说之父” 。)
He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. ① novels:
He was a novelist, dramatist, essayist, political pamphleteer.
He develope his narrative in the fullest,freest, clearest and most straightforard manner, and also affords him opportunities of giving, at suitable places, personal explanations.
Satire abounds eberywhere in his works. Humorous satire and a kind of grim satire He believed in the educational function of the novel.
He is a master of style. His style id easy, unlaboured and familiar,but extremely vivid and vigorous. Sympathy for the working people, contempt for the parasites, the exploiters and the oppressors
Chapter 8 Smollett and Sterne
Tobias Smollett:
Roderick Random(a picaresque novel) Pererine Pickle Hunphry Clinker
Laurence Sterne Tristram Shandy
A Sentimental Journey
Chapter 9 18th century drama and Sheridan
The english drama of the 18th doesn't reach the same high level as its novel. One reason: the Licensing Act of 1737
Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德?布林斯利?施莱登1751~1816
①
②
Chapter 9 Samuel Johnson塞缪尔?约翰逊1709~1784
Lexicographer, critic and poet Dictionary =英语大词典 James Boswell:
Life of london(a classic of English biography)
Chapter 11 Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗?格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
① poems:
Both written in heroic couplet,consisting of two iambic pentameter lines linked by rhyme. ② novel:
The Good Natured Man She stoops to Conquer ④essay:
The Citizen of the World
Chapter 12 Edward Gibbon
Essay on the Study of literature
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Chapter 13 sentimentalism and pre-romanticism in poetry
1 sentimentalism in English poetry
The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism, but they sensed at the same time the contradictions in the process of capitalist development.
The appearance and development of sentimentalism poetry marks the midway in the transition from classicism to its opposite romanticism. William Cowper: The task
George Grabbe: The village
2 pre- romanticism Thomas Percy:
Reliques of Ancient English poetry James Macpherson:
The saddest and the most interesting figure of the pre-romantic movement. The Rowley papers
Chapter 14 William Blake威廉?布莱克1757~1827
①