2. 分词作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。 3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。
4. 分词作条件状语相当于if unless等引导的从句。常见的引导条件状语的分词有given，supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。
5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，thereby，only等。
6. 分词作让步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。
3.【2016·北京】32. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.
A. turn B. turning 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析：题目考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随，故选B。 考点：考查现在分词 【名师点睛】
现在分词和过去分词的区别：
在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；
在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶
C. to turn D. turned
分词短语作
定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：
The girl standing under the tree is my niece. The building built last year is our library. This is the question given. There is nothing interesting.
（1） 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
2. The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 3. What’s the language ______ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 4. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying.
5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 1、 作状语
Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因). Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步) He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随) He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)
6. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed 7. There was a terrible noise______ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 8. ______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat 注意： （1） 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主
语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：
（Being）Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
（2） 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主
格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。
9. When______, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 10. ______ such heavy pollution already, the river becomes dead water. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 2、 作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如： The film is touching. The glass is broken.
She looked tired with cooking. He remained standing beside the table.
3、 作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到 strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断
all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如： Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。 Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 二、分词的时态
1、 与主语动词同时。如：
Arriving there, they found the boy dead.
11. The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 2、 先于主语动词
分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。如： Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk. After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk. 12. ______ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 三、分词的语态
1、 通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如： He is the man giving you/who gave you the book She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car.
2、 不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up,
escaped, faded, returned等词。如：
a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球 a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
4.【2016·江苏】28.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message A.
________within the work. to hide
B. hidden
C. hiding
D. being hidden
【答案】B
【名师点睛】
过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。
例如： He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。
也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。 例如： fallen leaves 落叶 retired workers 退休工人 the risen sun 升起的太阳 注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况：
1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。 My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。 单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如：
三年高考(2014-2016)英语试题分项版解析 专题07非谓语动词解析版 Word版含解析
