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小升初英语总复习精编版

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2013小升初英语总复习

一、名 词

表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。

强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判 断,以免受误导。

1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”:

a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和 元音后读[z]。

b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]。 c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:[z]。 d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。 e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况

1)有生命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 2) 无生命的+s 读音:[z] 如:photo-photos radio-radios

f. 不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量 词+of”。例如:a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice 判断步骤:

↗如是am、is或was→原形 读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词 ↘如是are或were→加s或es 练一练:

1、写出下列各词的复数。

I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ leaf_______ people________ 2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。

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(1)Are there two ( box ) on the table? (2)I can see some ( people ) in the cinema. (3)How many ( day ) are there in a week?

(4)Here’re five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you. (5)This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.

二、冠 词

冠词是一种虚词,不能独立使用,通常放在名词的前面,分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。

1、不定冠词:a、an。用在单数名词前,表示“一个,一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如: an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…

2、定冠词:the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法: (1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The map on the wall is new. (2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如:Look at the picture, please.

(3)表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如:This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful. (4)用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球 (5)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Great Wall长城 (6)用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如:the Changjiang River长江

(7)此外,序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如: the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class 确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。 练一练:

1、用a或an填空。

____ “U” ____ ice-cream ____ goalkeeper ____ teapot ____apple ____office ____English book ____umbrella ____unit ____hour 2、根据需要,填写冠词a,an或the。 (1)Who is ____girl behind ____tree?

(2) ____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter. (3)This is ____ orange. ____ orange is Lucy’s. (4)He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby. (5)We all had____good time last Sunday. (6)She wants to be____doctor.

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三, 数 词

我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。区别:基数词前面没有“the”;序数词前一定要有“the”。

1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如:21 twenty-one 2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如:101 a/one hundred and one

3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时,一定别忘了它的复数形式。如:十八个男孩 eighteen boys 4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时,如是复数,变它的量词为复数。 如:两碗米饭 two bowls of rice

5、序数词一般加“th”,特殊的有:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二 十以外的整十:twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… “第几十几”:前面整十不变,后面“几”改为序 数词。如:88 eighty-eighth 练一练:

1、请翻译下列短语。

(1)60名学生 (2)15本英语书 (3)九杯凉水 (4)4个孩子 (5)12月31 (6)6月2日 (7)第九周 (8)40年前 (9)11+7 (10)上学第一天 2、把下列基数词改成序数词。

one--- two--- three--- nine--- fourteen--- twenty--- thirty-five--- eighty-one

四、代 词

代词有两种:人称代词和物主代词。

1、人称代词分为:第一、第二、第三人称,且有单复数之分。

2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外);宾格在句中做宾语,多 用于动词、介词后。

3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面一定要跟名词,表示该名词是属于谁的。 4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:

This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.

一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词;如无,就用名词性物主代词。

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请牢记下表:

人称 代词 物主 代词 练一练:

单数 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 I me my mine you you your yours he him his his she her her hers it it its its 复 数 we us you you your yours they them their theirs our ours 1、按要求写出相应人称代词。

I(宾格)_______ she(形容词性物主代词)_______ we(名词性物主代词)_______ he(复数)_______ us(单数)_______ theirs(主格)_______ its(宾格)_______ 2、想一想,把下表补充完整。

人称代词 单数 主格 第一人称 第二人称 you he 第三人称

3、用所给词的适当形式填空。

1)That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ) 2)The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 3)Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )

4)_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) 5)_________ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _________? ( you ) 6)Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they )

7)I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )

8)Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they )

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9)Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we ) 10)_________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________is a nurse. ( she ) 11)Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they ) 12)Don’t touch _________. _________is not a cat, _________ is a tiger! ( it ) 13)_________ sister is ill. Please go and see _________. ( she ) 14)The girl behind _________ is our friend. ( she )

五、形容词、副词

1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式:原形、比较 级、最高级。比较级:+er 最高级:the …+est

两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,than的前面一定要+er。 2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下:

(1)一般直接+er。如:tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词如果以-e结尾,只加-r。如:late - later (2)重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须双写这个字母,再加-er。如:big - bigger, fat - fatter (3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er。如:heavy - heavier, early - earlier (4)双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如:beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting

(5)有些不规则变化的,须逐一加以记忆。如:good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder… 练一练:

1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。

big good long tall old short thin heavy young fat light strong high far low early late well fast slow 2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1) I can swim as _______ ( fast ) as the fish, I think. 2) Look! His hands are _______ ( big ) than mine.

3) I think you do these things_______ ( well ) than your classmates. 4) Whose bag is _______ ( heavy ), yours or mine?

5) Does Jim run as _______(slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_______ ( slow ) than them.

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