Lean Sigma Glossary / Abbreviation List
Acronym ??
Alpha
Definition
Description
The maximum risk or probability of
making a Type I Error. This probability is always greater than zero and is usually established at 5%. The researcher makes the decisions to the greatest level of risk that is acceptable for a rejection of Ho. The risk or probability of making a Type II Error, or overlooking an effective treatment or solution to the problem. Symbol used to describe the average for an entire population
Symbol used for standard deviation of entire population. Measure of the spread of the process (width of the distribution).
Addresses what percent of the Total Variation is taken up by measurement error.
A management tool that assists with general planning. It makes disparate language information understandable by placing it on cards and grouping the cards together in a creative manner. \cards are used to summarize each group. Hypothesis test used to analyze the
difference in means between two or more samples.
A systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to determine the current, historical or projected status of an organization.
The name for the source of variation in a process that is not due to chance and therefore can be identified and eliminated.
\process or quality system to ensure compliance to requirements. Audit can apply to an entire organization or be
specific to a function or production step.\(Dr. Joseph M. Juran)
A beginning point based on an evaluation of the output over a period of time to determine how the process performs prior to any improvement effort.
The process of finding and adapting best ??Beta
????
Population mean
Population standard deviation
% R & R Gage % Repeatability and Reproducibility
Affinity Diagram
ANOVA Analysis of Variance
Assessment Assignable Cause
Audit Baseline Measurement Benchmarking Page 1 of 13 Printed: 7/5/2020
Best Practice
BB Black Belt Boxplot
Brainstorming
BVA Business Value Added Capability
Capability index
C/E or C&E
Cause
Cause and Effect Matrix
Central Tendency Champion
Charter
Checksheet practices to improve organizational performance.
A superior method or innovative practice that contributes to improved performance.
A process improvement project team leader who is trained and certified in the Six Sigma breakthrough methodology and tools and who is responsible for project execution.
\where the overall dispersion and the
central tendency or mean of the data are highlighted.\
An idea-generating technique that uses group interaction to generate many ideas in a short time period. Ideas are solicited in a non-judgmental, unrestricted manner from all members of a group.
Term used in Value Analysis of a process. Designates a process step that the business requires to stay in business. The total range of inherent variation in a stable process. It is determined using data from control charts.
A calculated value used to compare process variation to a specification.
Examples are Cp, Cpk. Can also be used to compare processes to each other.
An established reason for the existence of a defect or a problem.
Prioritization matrix used to assist in
focusing in on the root causes of process problems.
The tendency of data gathered from a process to cluster toward a middle value, somewhere between the high and low values of measurement.
An upper level business leader who facilitates the leadership,
implementation, and deployment of the process quality initiative and breakthrough philosophies.
A written commitment by management stating the scope of authority for an improvement group. Resources,
including time and money, are specifically addressed.
A form for recording data on which the number of occurrences of an event can
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Code of Conduct Common Cause
CI Confidence Interval Conformance Consensus Consensus Decision
Control Control Chart
Control Limits Cost-benefit Analysis
COPQ Cost of Poor Quality
Cp Process Capability Index CPD Customer Percent Defective
be recorded as ticks or checks. Expectations of behavior mutually agreed upon by a team. (Also called \\
A source of process variation that is
inherent to the process and is common to all the data.
An interval that can be said, with X% certainty, to contain the true process mean or standard deviation. “We are 95% confident that the true process mean is in this interval.”
The state of meeting and/or exceeding customer requirements and expectations. A state where everyone in the group supports an action or decision, even if some of them don't fully agree with it. A decision made after all aspects of an issue, both positive and negative, have been reviewed or discussed to the extent that everyone openly understands,
supports and participates in the decision. Keeping a process within boundaries; minimizing the variation of a process. A problem solving statistical tool that indicates whether the system is in or out of control, as determined by computed control limits.
\within specified confidence levels\control limit (UCL), and lower control limit (LCL) defined on a control chart]. (J. R. Russell)
A way to compare the costs and benefits of plans. Can be used for comparing the financial outcomes of different actions and determining if a particular action makes sense financially.
Cost associated with poor quality products or services. Examples: Product inspection, Sorting, Scrap, Rework, and Field Complaints.
A calculated value used to compare process variation to a specification. Can also be used to compare processes to each other.
The percentage of products or services that are successfully completed on the first attempt without requiring remedial action or rework.
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Cpk Process Capability Index – not centered
CPIV
CVA
CT CTQ
DMAIC DMADV or DMADVI DOTWIMP
A calculated value used to compare process variation to a specification. Can also be used to compare processes to each other.
Countermeasure Action taken to counter the verified root
cause of a problem.
Critical Characteristic A characteristic dependent on the functioning of budget constraints, competitive edge and/or customer satisfaction of the product.
Critical Dependencies The interrelationships existing within or
among processes that are primary drivers of defects or errors in a product or service.
Critical Process Input Variable The vital few process input variables that
have the greatest effect on the output variable(s) of interest. They are called “X’s”, normally 2 – 6 true critical variables.
Cross Functional A term used to describe individuals from different organizational units or functions that are part of a team to solve problems, plan, and develop solutions affecting the organization as a system.
Customer Value Added Term used in Value Analysis of a process.
Designates a process step that the customer is willing to pay for.
Cycle Time The average time from a unit entering the process until it is completed as a finished good.
Critical to Quality A requirement that a customer values is
considered Critical to Quality. What the customer pays for.
Defect Any instance or occurrence where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements
Defect Opportunity A type of potential defect on a unit of
throughput (output) that is important to the customer (i.e. Specific fields on a form that creates and opportunity for error that would be important to the customer).
Defective Any unit with one or more defects. See also Defects
Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control 5 steps during a Six Sigma project Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Validate New process design tool. Commonly or Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify, used acronym for Design for Six Sigma Implement methods. Defects, Overproduction, Transportation, Seven wastes
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DPMO Waiting, Inventory, Motion, Processing Defects Per Million Opportunities DPU Defects Per Unit
DOE Design of Experiments
Empowerment ENT F FMEA
Entitlement External Failure
Function relating process inputs to process outputs
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
The number of defects in every million opportunities. By taking into account opportunities for defects, and not just defects, we can compare processes of differing complexity.
The number of defects in a unit or product. This measure does not take into account the number of opportunities for defects, just the number of defects. An efficient method of experimentation which identifies, with minimum testing, factors (key process input variables) and their optimum settings that affect the mean and variation.
Act of placing accountability, authority, and responsibility for processes and products at the lowest possible level. Whether or not a person is truly
empowered depends on their acceptance of responsibility and accountability, their capabilities, and the seriousness of the consequences.
The best a process measure could be. Nonconformance identified by external customers.
Y = F(x1, x2, x3, ……) Method used in measure to understand risks of failure in a process.
Fire Fighting \quality troubles and restoring the status quo.\
The percentage of products or services that are successfully completed on the first attempt without requiring remedial action or rework.
A technique for discovering the root cause(s) of a problem and showing the relationship of causes by repeatedly asking the question \
The difference between the true or reference value and the observed
average of multiple measurements of the identical characteristic on the same part. The variation in measurements obtained with one measurement instrument when
FPY First Pass Yield
Five “whys”
Gage bias (Accuracy)
Gage repeatability
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