2017年江苏省专转本英语模拟试题第十套
Part I Reading comprehension:(共20小题,每题2分，共40分)
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. You should decide the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1
Fourteen-year-old Richie Hawley had spent five years studying violin at the Community School of Performing Arts in Los Angeles when he took part in a violin contest. Ninety-two young people were invited to the contest and Hawley came out first.
The contest could have been the perfect setup for fear, worrying about mistakes,
and trying to impress the judges. But Hawley says he “did pretty well at staying calm. I couldn't be thinking about how many mistakes I’d make -- it would distract me from playing,” he says. “I don’t even remember trying to impress people while I played. It’s almost as if they weren’t there. I just wanted to make music.”
Hawley is a winner. But he didn’t become a winner by concentrating on winning.
He did it by concentrating on playing well.
“The important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part,” said the founder of the modem Olympics, Pierre de Coubertin “The important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well.”
New research shows that Coubertin’s philosophy is exactly the path achievers
take to win at life’s challenging games.
A characteristic of high performers is their intense, pleasurable concentration
on work, rather than on their competitors or future glory or money, says Dr. Charles Garfield, who has studied 1,500 achievers in business, science, sports, the arts, and professions. “They are interested in winning, but they’re most interested in self development, testing their limits.”
One of the most surprising things about top performers is how many losses they’
ve had -- and how much they’ve learned from each. “Not one of the 1,500 I studied defined losing as failing.” Garfield says. “They kept calling their losses ‘setbacks.’”
A healthy attitude toward setbacks is essential to winning, experts agree. “The worst thing you can do if you’ve had a setback is to let yourself get
stuck in a prolonged depression. You should analyze carefully what went wrong, identify specific things you did right and give yourself credit for them.” Garfield believes that most people don’t give themselves enough praise. He even suggests keeping a diary of all the positive things you’ve done on the way to a goal. 1. Hawley won the contest because ________.
A) he put all his mind to his performance B) he cared much about the judges’ feelings C) he tried his best to avoid making mistakes D) he paid close attention to the people around
2. What is common among high performers is that they tend to give priority to
________.
A) glory C) pleasure
B) work D) wealth
3. According to the passage, successful people concentrate on ________.
A) avoiding setbacks C) defeating their opponents
B) learning from others D) challenging their own limits
4. It can be learned from the passage that top performers are not ________.
A) free of losses C) accustomed to failures
B) interested in winning D) concerned about setbacks
5. The passage tells us that “praise” in times of trouble ________.
A) helps people realize their goals B) makes people forget their setbacks C) makes people regret about their past D) helps people deal with their disappointment
Passage Two
When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it.
A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (专利权) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.
Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.
The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry (电路) was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.
Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates (使无效) further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.
Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new” ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.
6. The passage is mainly about ________.
A) an approach to patents B) the application for patents C) the use of patents D) the access to patents
7. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A) When a patent becomes out of effect, it can be re-patented or extended if necessary.
B) It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his invention public.
C) A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over.
D) One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patent office.
8. George Valensi’s patent lasted until 1971 because ________.
A) nobody was willing to offer any reward for his patent prior to that time B) his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time C) there were not enough TV stations to provide color programmers D) the color TV receiver was not available until that time
9. The word “plagiarize” (Line 5, Para. 5) most probably means “________”.
A) steal and use C) make public
B) give reward to D) take and change
10. From the passage we learn that ________.
A) an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice
B) products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago C) it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one
D) patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through dead patents
Passage 3
If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.
If you say to your children “I’m sorry I got angry with you, but …” what
follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache ” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.
Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing
so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity
of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “I’m useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement. These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows
weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies. But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still
need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children’s expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent’s clothes without permission is not. 11. If a mother adds “but” to an apology, _______. A) she doesn’t feel that she should have apologized B) she does not realize that the child has been hurt
2017年江苏省专转本英语模拟试题第十套（含答案）
