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一、填空题
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 第四章 英国启蒙运动阶段
1. The Graveyard Poets were a number of pre-Romantic English poets of the 18th century characterized by their gloomy meditations on mortality in the context of the graveyard. A contemplative and mellow mood is achieved in the celebrated opening verse of Gray’s _____.
【答案】Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
【解析】这首诗充满感伤情调，成为18世纪后期感伤主义诗歌的典范之作。
2. Swift is a master of _____, his satire is usually masked by an outward gravity and an apparent earnestness which renders his satire all the more powerful. 【答案】satirist
【解析】乔纳森·斯威夫特（1667—1745）是英国作家、政治家、讽刺文学大师，代表作品《格列夫游记》《一只桶的故事》。
3. It is simply for convenience that we study the 18th century English literature in three main divisions: the region of _____, the revival of _____, and the beginning of _____.
【答案】classicism; poetry; novel
【解析】受启蒙运动的影响，18世纪英国文学出现新流派——新古典主义；18世纪后半期，前浪漫主义产生并逐渐取代新古典主义；小说产生于18世纪，并成为一个重要的文学体裁。
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 4. The greatest event in the 18th century British literature is the appearance of fiction. Among the early British novelists, Henry fielding might be the most distinguished one, whose masterpiece _____ was considered as the best constructed novel in English literature. 【答案】Tom Jones
【解析】亨利·菲尔丁是18世纪最杰出的英国小说家，戏剧家。18世纪英国启蒙运动的最大代表人物之一，是英国第一个用完整的小说理论来从事创作的作家，被沃尔特·司各特称为“英国小说之父”。
二、选择题
1. The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against _____. A. humanism B. feudalism C. neo-classicism D. Puritanism 【答案】B
【解析】启蒙运动是新兴资产阶级反对封建主义的体现。
2. The most outstanding personality of the epoch of Enlightenment in England was _____ who ruthlessly exposed the dirty mercenary essence of bourgeois
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www.100xuexi.com relationships. A. Defoe B. Swift C. Pope D. Goldsmith 【答案】B
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 【解析】斯威夫特斥责了英国统治集团的腐朽政治，并在一定程度上揭露了资产阶级唯利是图的剥削本质。
3. Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe created the image of an enterprising Englishman, typical of the English bourgeoisie in the ______ century. A. 17th B. 18th C. 19th D. 20th 【答案】B
【解析】《鲁滨孙漂流记》是十八世纪的英国小说，是上升的资产阶级的体现。
4. In his Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, Thomas Gray compares the common folk with the great ones, wondering what the commons could have achieved if they had had the ______. A. chance
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www.100xuexi.com B. love C. money
D. material sources 【答案】A
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 【解析】在《墓园挽歌》中，托马斯·格雷把普通人和伟人相比较，认为如果普通人如果有机会，也会成功。
5. Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “_____ in prose,” the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. A. tragic epic B. comic epic C. romance D. lyric epic 【答案】B
【解析】亨利·菲尔丁（1707—1754）是十八世纪最杰出的英国小说家、戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”，他第一次在理论和实践上开创了喜剧性散文体史诗，第一次创作了现代小说的结构和风格。
6. The beginning of the modern novel can be traced back to (a) 15th century romance (b) 16th century drama (c) 18th century enlightenment (d) 19th century lyric (e) 20th century realism.
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www.100xuexi.com 【答案】c
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 【解析】18世纪的菲尔丁被视为是英国现实主义小说的创始人。故选(c)。
7. Of all the 18th century novelists ______ was the first to set out both in theory and practice to write specially a “comic epic in prose.” A. Henry Fielding B. Daniel Defoe C. Jonathan Swift D. John Bunyan 【答案】A
【解析】在十八世纪的小说家中，亨利·菲尔丁第一次在理论和实践上开创了喜剧性散文体史诗，并且第一次创作了现代小说的结构和风格。
8. The poem “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” by Thomas Gray is regarded as the most representative work of _____. A. The Experiment School B. The Graveyard School C. The Gothic School D. The Romantic School 【答案】B
【解析】《墓园挽歌》洋溢着作者对英国乡村的浓厚兴趣及对普通劳动人民的真挚同情，同时又不失古典主义的精确与优雅。
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吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)-章节题库(第四~五章)【圣才出品】
