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45. This passage mainly talks about _________.
A．camouflage
B．camouflage and insect survival C．the process of camouflage D．the characteristics of insects
Passage Three
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
When Jules Verne wrote Journey to the Center of the Earth in 1864, there were many conflicting theories about the nature of the Earth’s interior. Some geologists thought that it contained a highly compressed ball of incandescent(遇热发光的)gas, while others suspected that it consisted of separate shells, each made of a different material. Today, well over a century later, there is still little direct evidence of what lies beneath our feet. Most of our knowledge of the Earth’s interior comes not from mines or boreholes, but from the study of seismic(地震的)waves----powerful pulses of energy release by earthquakes.
The way that seismic waves travel shows that the Earth’s interior is far from uniform. The continents and the seabed are formed by the crust----a thin sphere of relatively light, solid rock. Beneath the crust lies the mantle, a very different layer that extends approximately halfway to the Earth’s center. There the rock is the subject of a battle between increasing heat and growing pressure.
In its high levels, the mantle is relatively cool; at greater depths, high temperatures make the rock behave more like a liquid than a solid. Deeper still, the pressure is even more intense, preventing the rock from melting in spite of a higher temperature.
Beyond a depth of around 2900 kilometers, a great change takes place and the mantle gives way to the core. Some seismic waves can’t pass through the core and others are bent by it. Form this and other evidence; geologists conclude that the outer core is probably liquid, with a solid center. It is almost certainly made of iron, mixed with smaller amounts of other elements such as nickel.
The conditions in the Earth’s core make it a far more alien world than space. Its solid iron heart is subjected to unimaginable pressure and has a temperature of about 9000 degree Fahrenheit. Although scientists can speculate about its nature, neither humans nor machines will ever be able to visit it.
46. From where do we get most of our information about the Earth’s interior today?
A. From boreholes. B. From earthquake. C. From seismic waves. D. From crust.
47. The word “uniform” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. imagination B. consistency C. difference D. variation
48. Which of the followings is a primary characteristic of the Earth’s mantle?
A. Compressed incandescent gas. B. Light solid rock.
C. Subject of increasing heat and pressure. D. Unvarying in composition.
49. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. In the deeper level of the mantle, because both the heat and pressure are so high that the rock behave like a liquid. B. People had different theories about the nature of the Earth’s interior in 1860s. C. Today we still don’t know much about the Earth’s interior. D. We know even less about the Earth’s core than space.
50. The phrase “gives way to” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. turns into B. floats on C. rubs against D. runs along
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Passage Four
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect. 51. What does the passage mainly discuss? A．The problems faced by leaders.
B．How leadership differs in small and large groups. C．How social groups determine who will lead them. D．The role of leaders in social groups.
52. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT_____________. A．recruitment
B．formal election process C．specific leadership training D．traditional cultural patterns
53. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A．A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group. B．Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
C．A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership. D．Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
54. In mentioning “natural leaders” (Paragraph 2, Line 2), the author is making the point that____________. A．few people qualify as “natural leaders” B．there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist
C．“natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a group D．“natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics
55．The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on___________. A．ensuring harmonious relationships
B．sharing responsibility with group members C．identifying new leaders D．achieving a goal
试卷序号： 班级： 学号： 姓名：
阅卷教师 得 分
Part Ⅳ Sentence Translation （本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分。）
56. 他全神贯注地听杨教授上课并很快成了她最喜欢的学生。 57. 许多女权主义者反对男人养育孩子不如女人的想法。
58. 我希望我的忠告对处于压力下的学生们会起作用：前面的路有着许多不能预见的机遇。 59. 小汤姆意识到已无法改变这一严酷的现实：随着父母的突然去世，他的家庭已经破碎。 60. 为了帮助外国投资者更好地了解上海，他们根据能找到的各种资料来源汇编了这本指南。
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阅卷教师 得 分 试卷序号： 班级： 学号： 姓名：
Part Ⅴ Paragraph Translation（本大题共1小题，10分。）
61. 上学的孩子们中间有一种普遍的错误想法，即认为他们的老师当年都是些神童。不管怎么说，除了不像一般孩子那样生性贪玩、不愿学习的书呆子之外，还有谁愿意长大后当老师呢？我竭力向我的学生们解释我在他们心目中的形象 ?? 一个在青春期热衷于书本和作业的人 ?? 有一点被扭曲了。相反，我极为憎恨义务教育。我永远都无法接受在鱼儿上钩时不得不去上学的想法。
阅卷教师 得 分
Part VI Writing （本题共1小题，15分。）
62. Directions: For this part, you are required to write a short essay entitled “How Long Should the National Holiday Be?” You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1) 有些人认为国庆长假好，有些人认为国庆短假好。 2) 我认为......，因为……。
3) 我建议有关部门（The relevant departments）……
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2015-2016学年第1学期大学英语III期末考试A卷试题(1)
