的消费量很高,那的百姓每年因为感冒去看医生的次数每年只有一两次。这表明吃大量的鱼很明显可以预防感冒。另外,由于感冒是缺课和缺席的最常见原因,我们建议每天服用从鱼油提炼出的营养物以来有效的预防感冒和减少缺席。 163)
The following memo appeared in the newsletter of the West Meria Public Health Council.
\
absenteeism in our schools and workplaces.A study reports that in nearby East Meria,where
consumption of the plant beneficia is very high,people visit the doctor only once or twice per year for the treatment of colds.Clearly,eating a substantial amount of beneficia can prevent colds.Since colds are the reason most frequently given for absences from school and work,we recommend the daily use of nutritional supplements derived from beneficia.We predict this will dramatically reduce absenteeism in our schools and workplaces.\
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result.Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
我们注意到一种新的可以保证显著减少学校和工作岗位缺席的疗法。一项研究显示在附近的EM,鱼的消费量很高,那的百姓每年因为感冒去看医生的次数每年只有一两次。这表明吃大量的鱼很明显可以预防感冒。另外,由于感冒是缺课和缺席的最常见原因,所以我们建议每天服用从鱼油提炼出的营养物以来有效的预防感冒和减少缺席。我们预计出席率也将会提升。 166)
The following memo appeared in the newsletter of the West Meria Public Health Council.
\
absenteeism in our schools and workplaces.A study reports that in nearby East Meria,where fish consumption is very high,people visit the doctor only once or twice per year for the treatment of colds.This shows that eating a substantial amount of fish can clearly prevent
colds.Furthermore,since colds are the reason most frequently given for absences from school and work,attendance levels will improve.Therefore,we recommend the daily use of a nutritional supplement derived from fish oil as a good way to prevent colds and lower absenteeism.\
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable.Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
我们注意到一种新的可以保证显著减少学校和工作岗位缺席的疗法。一项研究显示在附近的EM,鱼的消费量很高,那的百姓每年因为感冒去看医生的次数每年只有一两次。这表明吃大量的鱼很明显可以预防感冒。另外,由于感冒是缺课和缺席的最常见原因,所以出席率也将会提升。因此,我们建议每天服用从鱼油提炼出的营养物以来有效的预防感冒和减少缺席。
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The following appeared in a recommendation from the planning department of the city of Transopolis.
\adapted for industrial use a large area of severely substandard housing near the
freeway.Subsequently,several factories were constructed there,crime rates in the area
declined,and property tax revenues for the entire city increased.To further revitalize the city,we should now take similar action in a declining residential area on the opposite side of the city.Since some houses and apartments in existing nearby neighborhoods are currently
unoccupied,alternate housing for those displaced by this action will be readily available.\
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
十年前,作为一项综合城市改造项目的一部分,Transopolis市为了工业用途在快速路旁边改造了一大片严重低于标准的住房。随后,那里建立了若干工厂,犯罪率降低了,全市资产税收入增加。为进一步使城市重新繁荣,我们应该在城市另一侧的正在衰落的居住区采取类似的行动。由于现有邻近社区的一些住宅和公寓无人居住,这一行动产生的搬迁户的住所将有所保障。
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The following appeared in a memo from the new vice president of Sartorian,a company that manufactures men's clothing.
\fabric,we discontinued production of our alpaca overcoat.Now that we have a new fabric
supplier,we should resume production.This coat should sell very well:since we have not offered an alpaca overcoat for five years and since our major competitor no longer makes an alpaca
overcoat,there will be pent-up customer demand.Also,since the price of most types of clothing has increased in each of the past five years,customers should be willing to pay significantly higher prices for alpaca overcoats than they did five years ago,and our company profits will increase.\
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
五年前,当我们在获取可靠的高质量羊毛毛料的渠道方面存在困难的时候,我们停止了高档羊毛外衣的生产。现在有了新的毛料供应商,我们应该重新开始生产。这种外衣应该会卖的很好:因为我们已经五年没有供应羊毛外衣了,而且由于我们的主要竞争对手已不再生产羊毛外衣,消费者将有很迫切的需求。而且,由于过去五年中多数种类的服装价格每年都在上涨,消费者应该愿意花比五年前高的多的价格购买羊毛外衣,从而我们公司的利润将会上升。 95)
The following appeared in a memo from the new vice president of Sartorian,a company that manufactures men's clothing.
\fabric,we discontinued production of our popular alpaca overcoat.Now that we have a new fabric supplier,we should resume production.Given the outcry from our customers when we discontinued this product and the fact that none of our competitors offers a comparable product,we can expect pent-up consumer demand for our alpaca coats.This demand and the overall increase in clothing prices will make Sartorian's alpaca overcoats more profitable than ever before.\
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the
argument.Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
五年前,当我们在获取可靠的高质量羊毛毛料的渠道方面存在困难的时候,我们停止了高档羊毛外衣的生产。现在有了新的毛料供应商,我们应该重新开始生产。这种外衣应该会卖的很好:因为我们已经五年没有供应羊毛外衣了,而且由于我们的主要竞争对手已不再生产羊毛外衣,消费者将有很迫切的需求。而且,由于过去五年中多数种类的服装价格每年都在上涨,消费者应该愿意花比五年前高的多的价格购买羊毛外衣,从而我们S公司的利润将会上升。 96)
The following appeared in a memo from the new vice president of Sartorian,a company that manufactures men's clothing.
\fabric,we discontinued production of our popular alpaca overcoat.Now that we have a new fabric
supplier,we should resume production.Given the outcry from our customers when we discontinued this product and the fact that none of our competitors offers a comparable product,we can expect pent-up consumer demand for our alpaca coats.Due to this demand and the overall increase in clothing prices,we can predict that Sartorian's alpaca overcoats will be more profitable than ever before.\
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable.Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction.
五年前,当我们在获取可靠的高质量羊毛毛料的渠道方面存在困难的时候,我们停止了高档羊毛外衣的生产。现在有了新的毛料供应商,我们应该重新开始生产。这种外衣应该会卖的很好:因为我们已经五年没有供应羊毛外衣了,而且由于我们的主要竞争对手已不再生产羊毛外衣,消费者将有很迫切的需求。而且,由于过去五年中多数种类的服装价格每年都在上涨,消费者应该愿意花比五年前高的多的价格购买羊毛外衣,从而我们S公司的利润将会上升。
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A recent sales study indicates that consumption of seafood dishes in Bay City restaurants has increased by 30 percent during the past five years.Yet there are no currently operating city restaurants whose specialty is seafood.Moreover,the majority of families in Bay City are
two-income families,and a nationwide study has shown that such families eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago but at the same time express more concern about healthful eating.Therefore,the new Captain Seafood restaurant that specializes in seafood should be quite popular and profitable.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
最近的销量调查显示Bay City餐馆的海鲜菜肴的消费量比过去五年增加了30%。而现在该市还没有专门经营海鲜菜的餐厅。而且,Bay City的大多数家庭是双收入家庭,一次国家调查显示这类家庭在家做饭的数量比十年前显著减少,同时他们更关注健康饮食。因此,在Bay City开设一家新的专营海鲜食品的C餐馆将会非常受欢迎而且有利可图。 174)
A recent sales study indicates that consumption of seafood dishes in Bay City restaurants has increased by 30 percent during the past five years.Yet there are no currently operating city restaurants whose specialty is seafood.Moreover,the majority of families in Bay City are
two-income families,and a nationwide study has shown that such families eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago but at the same time express more concern about healthful eating.Therefore,the new Captain Seafood restaurant that specializes in seafood should be quite popular and profitable.
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be addressed in order to decide whether the conclusion and the argument on which it is based are reasonable.Be sure to explain how the answers to the questions would help to evaluate the conclusion.
最近的销量调查显示Bay City餐馆的海鲜菜肴的消费量比过去五年增加了30%。而现在该市还没有专门经营海鲜菜的餐厅。而且,Bay City的大多数家庭是双收入家庭,一次国家调查显示这类家庭在家做饭的数量比十年前显著减少,同时他们更关注健康饮食。因此,在Bay City开设一家新的专营海鲜食品的C餐馆将会非常受欢迎而且有利可图。
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Milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin D and calcium—substances essential for building and maintaining bones.Many people therefore say that a diet rich in dairy products can help prevent
osteoporosis,a disease that is linked to both environmental and genetic factors and that causes the bones to weaken significantly with age.But a long-term study of a large number of people
found that those who consistently consumed dairy products throughout the years of the study have a higher rate of bone fractures than any other participants in the study.Since bone fractures are symptomatic of osteoporosis,this study result shows that a diet rich in dairy products may actually increase,rather than decrease,the risk of osteoporosis.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
牛奶和奶制品富含维生素D和钙,这是骨骼生长和维持所必须的物质。因此很多人相信多吃奶制品的饮食可以帮助预防骨质疏松症,这是一种骨骼随年龄而显著弱化而且与环境和基因因素相关联的疾病。但是一项对大量人群的长期研究发现那些在研究期间经常食用奶制品的人骨折发病率比其他参加研究的人要高。由于骨折是骨质疏松症的症状之一,这一研究结果表明富含奶制品的饮食实际上会增加而不是减少患骨质疏松症的危险
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The following appeared in a health newsletter.
\ten years ago,approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets,whereas today that number is nearly 80 percent.Another study,however,suggests that during the same ten-year period,the number of bicycle-related accidents has increased 200 percent.These results
demonstrate that bicyclists feel safer because they are wearing helmets,and they take more risks as a result.Thus,to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents,the government should concentrate more on educating people about bicycle safety and less on encouraging or requiring bicyclists to wear helmets.\
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the
argument.Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The following is a letter to the head of the tourism bureau on the island of Tria.
一项为期十年的对于在骑自行车时戴头盔的作用的研究显示,10年前,所有骑车人中大约有35%报告说他们戴头盔,现在这个比例接近80%。然而另外一项调查显示在相同的十年期间,因骑车引起的事故数量增加了200%。这些结果说明骑车人因为戴着头盔而感到更安全,因而导致他们面临更大的危险。因此,为减少自行车事故中严重伤害的数量,政府应该更多地对人们加强自行车安全的教育,并提供鼓励或要求骑车人戴头盔的课程。 123)
The following appeared in a health newsletter.
\ten years ago,approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets,whereas today that number is nearly 80 percent.Another study,however,suggests that during the same ten-year period,the number of accidents caused by bicycling has increased 200 percent.These results demonstrate that bicyclists feel safer because they are wearing helmets,and they take more risks as a result.Thus,there is clearly a call for the government to strive to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents by launching an education program that concentrates on the factors other than helmet use that are necessary for bicycle safety.\
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable.Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
一项为期十年的对于在骑自行车时戴头盔的作用的研究显示,10年前,所有骑车人中大约有35%报告说他们戴头盔,现在这个比例接近80%。然而另外一项调查显示在相同的十年期间,因骑车引起的事故数量增加了200%。这些结果说明骑车人因为戴着头盔而感到更安全,因而导致他们面临更大的危险。因此,为减少自行车事故中严重伤害的数量,政府应该更多地对人们加强自行车安全的教育,并非要求骑车人戴头盔。 125)
The following appeared in a health newsletter.
\ten years ago,approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets,whereas today that number is nearly 80 percent.Another study,however,suggests that during the same ten-year period,the number of accidents caused by bicycling has increased 200 percent.These results demonstrate that bicyclists feel safer because they are wearing helmets,and they take more risks as a result.Thus there is clearly a call for the government to strive to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents by launching an education program that concentrates on the factors other than helmet use that are necessary for bicycle safety.\
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
一项为期十年的对于在骑自行车时戴头盔的作用的研究显示,10年前,所有骑车人中大约有35%报告说他们戴头盔,现在这个比例接近80%。然而另外一项调查显示在相同的十年期间,因骑车引起的事故数量增加了200%。这些结果说明骑车人因为戴着头盔而感到更安全,因而导致他们面临更大的危险。因此,为减少自行车事故中严重伤害的数量,政府应该更多地对人们加强自行车安全的教育,并非要求骑车人戴头盔。 142)
Hospital statistics regarding people who go to the emergency room after roller-skating accidents indicate the need for more protective equipment.Within that group of people,75 percent of those who had accidents in streets or parking lots had not been wearing any protective
clothing(helmets,knee pads,etc.)or any light-reflecting material(clip-on lights,glow-in-the-dark wrist pads,etc.).Clearly,the statistics indicate that by investing in high-quality protective gear and reflective equipment,roller skaters will greatly reduce their risk of being severely injured in an accident.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the
argument.Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
医院对那些滑板事故后来医院急救的人的调查显示他们需要更具保护性的设备。在那群人中,75%在大街或停车场发生事故的人没有穿着任何防护衣服(头盔,护膝等等)或任何的反光物质(小手电,或者夜光护腕等等)。很明显,该数据表明投资高质量的防护工具及反光设备,滑板玩家们会大大减少其在事故中受伤的机率。
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\tourist industry.In order to stop the erosion,we should charge people for using the
beaches.Although this solution may annoy a few tourists in the short term,it will raise money for replenishing the sand.Replenishing the sand,as was done to protect buildings on the nearby island of Batia,will help protect buildings along our shores,thereby reducing these buildings'risk of additional damage from severe storms.And since beaches and buildings in the area will be preserved,Tria's tourist industry will improve over the long term.\
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.