英语倒装句的用法
英语句子按主谓排列顺序来分有正常语序和倒装语序。正常语序的结构是“主语+谓语”,倒装语序为 “谓语（或谓语的一部分）+主语”。 1）部分倒装---- 助动词\\情态动词+主语+谓语的实义动词型 2）全倒装---- 谓语+主语型 在以下结构中用全倒装
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1.在there be或者There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….) 句型中；
如There are thousands of people on the square. Thousands of people are there on the square. There lived an old fisherman in the village. 原语序：An old fisherman lived there in the village. There stands a little girl. 正常语序：A little girl stands there.
2.在“here, there, now, thus, then+动词+主语”的句子中,(谓语动词为be, go, come, lie, run等转移动词一起连用,主语为名词); 如: Now comes my turn. There goes the bell. Then came the order to leave. Here comes a bus= A bus comes here. A）此类倒装不用进行时态。Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train! 有辆出租车来了! 最后一班火车开走了! (注意这里不可用进行时) B）上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词, 如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Here it comes！ There it goes！
3.在“out\\ in, up\\ down, off\\away,in the distance,on the hill,round the corner”等表示方向性的副词或表示地点的介词词组位于句首,且主语又是名词,谓语是表示运动的动词。
Away went the crowed one by one. In came a stranger in black.
Out rushed the children.. Down fell the leaves. On the floor were piles of old books. ☆注意：主语必须是名词
eg: Out she went.There they are. Here he comes. 而Out went the girl. Here comes the boy.
地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词 (如lie, live, sit, stand) 或转移的动词 (如come, go, rise),用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后。这种情形主要出现在描写文中。如：
At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。
In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士兵们。 别的动词如属被动语态也可以倒装。
In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 远处可以见到紫色的山。 主语如是代词则不能倒装：
At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 它背衬青天矗立在山顶上。
有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密,就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首,谓语动词也常置于主语前,构成完全倒装。如： By the door stood an armed guard. 门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone. 隔壁桌上坐着一个等人的漂亮女孩。
Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。
At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book. 书的前部有目录,详列了书中的内容。 *4.有时为了强调表语,构成“表语+连系动词+主语”结构；
eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader.=She who was chosen to be a leader is lucky. Gone are the days when women were looked down upon! The days when women were looked down upon are gone! 表语置于句首,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。 如：Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat．
直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,如果主语是名词, 有时也用倒装。 “Let’s go,” said the man
*5、在某些表示愿望的感叹句,全倒装。
Long live the People's Republic of China! May you be happy.
在以下结构中用部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。 1. 用于疑问句中。如：
1) How are you doing﹖2) Did you see the film yesterday﹖
2.含有否定或半否定意义的词语（如：not,never,seldom,hardly,little,scarcely,barely,few…）；或者含有否定意义的连词（not only…but also.., neither..nor.., no sooner had…than...（一。。。就。。。）, scarely..than.., Hardly had when.., not until...;nowher等）；或否定意义的介词词组（by no means(决不),in no case\\way（任何情况下都不）,with no method, at no time（决不）, on no account（决不）,under no circumstances\\condition...（任何情况下都不））位于句首eg: I have never seen him
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before.=Never have I seen him before. Not a word did he say when he left. Seldom/Scarecely does he go to that park. Hardly(几乎不。。。) do I speak to him. Little English can he speak.
Little does he realize the importance of the meeting. Few people did I see in the street. 含有否定意义的连词：
eg：1)Not only can he play basketball, but also I can. 2）No sooner had we arrived home than it began to rain. 3）Hardly had we met our friends when the train left.
4）Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room.(主句倒装,从句不倒装) =The mother didn’t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.
注意：1)Not only...but also...必须连接两个分句时,才使用部分倒装。而且只倒装not only后的分句。如果连接的是两个并列词语,不用倒装结构。如：Not only his father but also I like reading. not only…but also…前后连接两个句子时,not only后的句子要用部分倒装,但but also后的分句不用倒装。如：
Not only did he come, but he saw her. 他不仅来了,而且还见到了她。
Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师,而且是一位诗人。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确,也讲得更不费劲了。
Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 他们不但做了音乐表演,而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史。
2)Hardly...when..., Scarcely...than..., No sooner...than...意义基本相同,它们连接的句子,都只倒装前一个分句,及“前倒后不倒（装）”。 3)当not until（直到。。。才）引导主从复合句时,主句倒装,从句不用倒装,或者可以理解为“后倒前不倒（装）”。 1. Not only ___, but he himself was badly beaten up.
A. was he robbed everything he had B. everything he had was robbed of C. had everything he had been robbed of D. was he robbed of everything he had
2. I finally was admitted to Beijing University. Never in all my life ___ so happy.
A. I felt B. did I feel C. I had felt D. had I felt
3. No sooner ___ to sleep than the telephone rang once more.
A. she went B. she had gone C. did she go D. had she gone
4. Hardly ___ to write the composition when the bell ___.
A. had I begun; rang B. I was beginning; rang C. had I begun; was ringing D. I will begin; rings
5. Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
含有否定意义的介词词组：
如：By no means should we tell lies. On no account should we let him leave.
At no time决不will I get married to you. In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him. 注意：in no time(立即,马上)位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序： In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。 3.only+副词；或介词短语；或状语从句时,主句倒装；
eg: Only in this way can you use the computer well. （only+介词短语） Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.（only+副词） Only when it began to rain did he finish his job.（only+状语从句） 按英语习惯同,当“only+状语”位于句首时,其后句子要用部分倒装。如： Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。 Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有这样,才能保住我们的荣誉。
Only after her death was I able to appreciate her. 只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。
Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。 Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. 他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。
Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged. 我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。 Only on one point do I agree with you. 只有一点,我同意你的说法。 1. Only then _________ how much damage had been caused. A. she realized
B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
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2. Only after my friend came _________.
A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computer C. was the computer repaired
D. the computer was repaired
特别说明：有时命题者不是利用位于句首的“only+状语”来考查倒装,而是倒过来,利用给定的倒装结构来考查对only的选择。如下面一题(答案选A)： _____by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
A. Only B. Just
4. so用在句首,表示另一主语“也。。。样”时,用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构；而表示另一主语“也不。。。样”时,用“Nor\\Neither + be(have,助动词或情
态动词)+主语”结构；注意：若是对上文同一主语的情况进行肯定时,不倒装。句型为“So+主语+be或do（did）/have ”。 eg：He went to school yesterday, so did I.
---David has made great progress recently. --So he has, and so have you.
eg：He hasn't finished his homework, and nor have I. eg : If you won't go, neither/nor will I. 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以 证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构。 意为“的确如此”。
1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 2) ---It’s raining hard. ---So it is. 1. --- David has made great progress recently. --- _______, and _______.
A. So he has ; so you have B. So he has ; so have you C. So has he ; so have D. So has he ; so you have 2. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________. A. so does John
B. John does too
C. Still
D. Yet
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
so…that 结构中的倒装。有时要强调 so 所修饰的形容词或副词,常将 so 连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首. 这时,主句要用部分倒装结构。如： 1) He ran so fast that he was far ahead of others．
→So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others．
So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book． 在so... that…结构中,若将so+adj. / adv. 置于句首,则其后的主句要用部分倒装。如： So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour.
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他讲话声音那么大,隔壁屋里的人都听得见。 So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.
类似地,当such…that…结构的such…置于句首时,such后的句子也要使用部分倒装。如：Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 他像个很和蔼的人,所以我们都喜欢他。
1. So loudly ___ that everyone of the class
could hear him.
A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke
2. So little ___ agree on the plan that they
could not settle their differences.
A. do they B. did they C. they did D. they did not
3. So difficult ________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice
A. I did find
B. did I find
C. I have found
D. have I found
4. _________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A. so curious the couple was
B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious 5. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?—Yes. _________ yesterday.
A. So was it
B. So it was
C. So it is D. So is it
6. — Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. —___C______, and so did I.
A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did
D. So did she
7.—Father, you promised! —Well, ____D_____. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.
A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did
5.as 作“尽管／虽然”,引导让步状语从句(as可以换成though),由于语法需要,需要部分倒装。 eg： Shortest as/though she is, she is not the richest.(倒装后,最高级前
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不用冠词)
Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒装后,单数名词前不用a)
Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒装后,实义动词提前,在主语后添加助动词。) Hard as he tried, he didn't pass the exam.(副词提到句首)
注意：though位于句首引导让步状语从句时,可以倒装,也可以不倒装。但as引导让步状语从句时,必须使用倒装。否则就变成了原因状语从句。eg：As he is too young, he couldn't go to school. 注意：1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在句首。
6.若if 引导的虚拟条件句中有were, had, should 时, 可将if省略,把were, had , should 放在句首。1) Should it rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.=If it should rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball. 2)Had I prepared well, I couldn't have lost the job. If I had prepared well, I couldn't have lost the job.
3) Were he to come tomorrow, I would go to meet him at the airport. =If he were to come tomorrow, I would go to meet him at the airport. 7. 强调进行时态的现在分词
His jacket was hanging next to his seat.→Hanging next to his seat was his jacket. Standing on the platform was a professor 8. 非谓语动词置于句首的倒装
有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装。如：
Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。 Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。 9.倒装句中的主谓一致
在“副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语＋谓语动词＋主语”的倒装结构中,谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定。
On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。
On the wall hangs a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。
Here is your coat. 这是你的外套。Here are your running-shoes. 这是你的跑鞋。 Such is the result. 结果就是这样Such are the results. 这就是结果。
我刚合上眼,电话铃就响了。No sooner had I closed my eyes than the phone rang. 只有下课了,他才能和他的朋友们一起踢足球
Only when the class was over was he able to play football with his friends 我不但去过杭州市,而且我在那儿度过了我的 童年。
Not only have I been to the city of Hangzhou, but (also) I spent my childhood there. 他虽然努力了,但考试未能及格. Hard as he tried, he did not pass the examination. 直到天黑了那些孩子们才意识到太晚回不了家了。
Not until dark did the boys realize it was too late to return home.
例题讲解
1. 考查never置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词never置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为B） (1) Never in my wildest dreams _________ these people are living in such poor conditions. (安徽卷) A. I could imagine B. could I imagine C. I couldn’t imagine D. couldn’t I imagine 2. 考查little置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词little置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为D）
(1) Little _________ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. (安徽卷) A. he realized
B. he didn’t realize
C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize 3. 考查seldom置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词seldom置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为B）
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(1) Seldom _________ any apology when mistakes are made. A. we receive
B. do we receive D. did we receive
C. we received
4. 考查hardly / scarcely置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词hardly, scarcely等置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为A） Hardly _________ Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London. A. had they reached B. they had reached C. have the reached D. they have reached 5. 考查no sooner等置于句首时的倒装
当no sooner, no longer等结构置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为A） (1) —Did Linda see the traffic accident?
—No, no sooner _________ than it happened. (天津卷) A. had she gone C. has she gone
B. she had gone
D. she has gone
6. 考查nowhere置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词nowhere置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为A） Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _________such a beautiful place. (辽宁卷) A. can you find C. you can find
B. you could find D. could you find
7. 考查by no means等置于句首时的倒装
当表示否定意义的副词性短语by no mearns, on no accounts, in no case, at no time等置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为D）
I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _________ with my progress. (重庆卷) A. the teacher is not satisfied C. the teacher is satisfied
B. is the teacher not satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
8. 考查not only置于句首时的倒装
当not only…but also句式的not only部分置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为B） _________ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (上海) A. Not only they brought
B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring 9. 考查not until置于句首时的倒装
当not…until句式转换成not until且置于句首时,其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为B） Not until I began to work _________ how much time I had wasted. A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realized 10. 考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装
当“only+状语”置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为D） (1) Only then _________ how much damage had been caused. (陕西卷) A. she realized
B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize 11. 考查“so+形容词”置于句首时的倒装
当so…that句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为B） (1) _________ that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (陕西卷) A. So successful her business was C. So her business was successful 12. 考查类似“so do I”结构的倒装
So do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情况,后者也同样适用,通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。如：（答案为CA） (1) — My room gets very cold at night.
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B. So successful was her business D. So was her successful business
英语倒装句的用法.doc
