广州市垂直绿化现状调查及发展对策
Present Situation and Prospect on V ertical Virescence in Guangzhou City 黄久香1 曾竞辉1 李忠超2,*
(1.华南农业大学林学院,广东 广州 510642;2.中国科学院华南植物园植物资源保护与可持续利用重点实验室,广东 广州 510650
HUANG Jiu-xiang 1, ZENG Jing-hui 1, LI Zhong-chao 2,*
(1. College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642,China; 2. Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
摘要:为了解广州市垂直绿化现状和未来发展提供依据,对广州市代表性校园、公园、交通干道和立交桥以及住宅
小区4类环境41处场所的垂直绿化现状进行了调查,共记录了垂直绿化植物40科63属66种,其中藤本植物30种;一种植物多种绿化方式和一种绿化方式使用多种绿化植物比较常见。按使用频率和生长良好状况排列,高校以五爪金龙(Ipomoea cairica 最多,其次是蟛蜞菊(Wedelia trilobata 、簕杜鹃(Bougainvillea spectabilis 和爬山虎(Parthenocissus tricuspidata ;公园为大花老鸦嘴(Thunbergia grandiflora 、使君子(Quisqualis indica 、云南黄素馨(Jasminum mesnyi 、软枝黄婵(Allamanda catharitica 、簕杜鹃和地被植物合果芋(Syngonium podophyllum 及蟛蜞菊等;立交桥、人行天桥和高架桥以簕杜鹃为主,生长状况也都较好;住宅小区虽然使用簕杜鹃频率较高,但生长状况差别较大。
结果表明,广州市现在垂直绿化常用的植物种类以藤本为主,新品种较少,但是后备植物资源丰富,需要加强对具有抗大气污染、耐高温干旱、可富集重金属等性状品种的选育工作。广州市垂直绿化在整体绿化中所占比例不高,而且应用场所、布
局形式和植物应用种类单调,需要加快有关垂直绿化技术的研究和推广。影响垂直绿化的主要因素是地形、人文环境和政策环境,需要调整政策引导和加强宣传力度。
Abstract: The present situation and prospect of vertical virescence in Guangzhou of representative fourty-one sites, including the parks, the main roads and bridges, the residential areas and campuses, were surveyed. The results showed that 66 species, belonging to 63 genera in 40 families, 30 species of which were liane. It was quite common that a species for various vertical virescence means and a kind of vertical virescence involving multi-species. Based on frequency and growth status, the top four species were Ipomoea cairica , Wedelia trilobata , Bougainvillea spectabilis and Parthenocissus tricuspidata in university campuses. Thunbergia grandi ? ora , Quisqualis indica , Allamanda catharitica , B. spectabilis , Syngonium podophyllum and W. trilobata were used more frequently than other species in parks. B. spectabilis was predominant in the main roads and bridges, and grew well but not in residential areas.
Consequently, the vertical virescence species were commonly liana and few new varieties, but the reserve plant resources are rich. The breeding of the anti-air pollution, heavy metals enrichment varieties are urgently required. The vertical virescence is not enough in the proportion of overall green and the layout of plants is monotonous. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the steps of vertical virescence technology research and extension work. The major effect factors on vertical virescence are landform, cultural and policy environment. Some policies and propagation are required.
Key words: Vertical virescenc; Plant investigation; Guangzhou city 关键词:垂直绿化;植物调查;广州市中图分类号:S688文献标识号:A 文章编号:1671-2641(200906-0041-05收稿日期:2009-05-05
城市绿化是城市重要的基础设施,是城市市政公用事业和环境建设事业的重要组成部分,是现代化城市的象征和文明标志。城市绿化可以美化城市和生活环境,创造新的城市景观,改善城市生态环境,提高城市规划的布局质量,保护风景名胜和历史文化遗产,保护生物多样性,吸引投资,促进旅游事业发展[1]。2001年国务院“关于加强城市绿化建设的通
知”强调,到2005年全国城市规划建成区绿化率达到35%以上,到2010年城市规划建成区绿化覆盖率达40%以上[2]。现在我国多数城市绿化现状与要求相距甚远,而且面临城市发展用地紧张、地面绿化难以大幅度增长的局面。因此,绿化如何与建筑及现存环境相结合?如何拓展绿化空间、增加绿量和绿化覆盖率、提高城市整体的绿化水平?这些都成为城市园林建
设共同面临的问题。
相对于地面绿化而言,垂直绿化是相利用植物的攀缘性、垂枝性或附生性等生物特性,通过各种手段使绿化向立体方向发展,增加绿量、增加绿化层次,在立体空间进行绿化的一种方法[3]。垂直绿化不仅可以绿化墙面、软化建筑轮廓线、阳台和屋顶,装饰灯柱、栅栏、亭廊、花架和出入口等,增加建筑物的艺术效果,
还能作为挡景遮挡不协调元素、分隔空间,使环境更加整洁美观、生动活泼,并且相对于地面绿化,垂直绿化费用低,管理容易,还能吸烟滞尘和降温,吸收汽车有害尾气等[4~5]。科学合理的垂直绿化能够以等面积甚至几倍面积地偿还支撑建筑物所占的地面,在占地和绿量上可以较好地满足城市绿化的要求,在人口众多、建筑密度大、绿化用地不足的城市,尤其能显示出其优越性[3~7]。近几年来,我国各地大小城市的园林绿化单位都对如何在本地实现城市垂直绿化进行了探讨和研究,有些城市还进行了不少实践,垂直绿化得到了较大发展[8~9]。
在珠江三角洲,城市绿化不断得到重视和发展,但垂直绿化只是刚起步,整体发展程度并不高。深圳市虽然把垂直绿化提到了城市建设的政策层面,但垂直绿化植物还是以几种常见植物为主,品种比较单一,由于资金等问题,新品种的研究和应用缺乏后劲[10~11]。而广州市垂直绿化的现状这一方面的内容,目前还鲜见报道。
广州市垂直绿化现状调查及发展对策.
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