match physics chemistry Chinese history geography
e.g. I usually practice my English by taking notes / reading books and newspapers / speaking English with my classmates / memorizing sentence patterns. a. I usually practice my math by______.
b. I usually practice my physics by_______. c. I usually practice my chemistry by____. d. I usually practice my Chinese by _____.
e. I usually practice my history and geography by ________. Step 4 4c
Check what you do to learn English . Then interview your partner. A: Do you learn English by doing grammar exercises? B: Yes, I do.
A: How often do you do them? B:… I learn English by… yes no how often doing grammar exercises. taking notes in English. My partner learns English by… yes no how often reading English magazines. keeping a diary in English. using dictionary. … Step 5 Grammar
an English How do you learn English? I learn by studying with a group.
Do you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, 1 do. It helps my pronunciation. How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups. How can I improve my pronunciation? One way is by listening to tapes.
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动名词
定义: 它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。 基本形式: V-ing
作用: 动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 动名词的基本用法 1. 用作主语
所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。 e.g. Playing with fire is dangerous.
注意：动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。 1) It is no use/ good / useless + doing… 2) It is a waste of time + doing … 3) It is fun + doing …
在以上结构中常用动名词作主语。
e.g. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收） There is no joking about the matter.
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 2. 用作宾语 1) 作动词的宾语
常见的此类动词有：practise, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, depend on, think about, succeed in, worry about, be used to, get used to, look forward to, pay attention to等。 e.g. How do you practice speaking?
I have to finish reading a book and give a report. 2) 作介词的宾语
1. I learn English by doing grammar exercises.
2. Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 3. He was late again because of getting up late. 4. Lock the doors and windows before going out. 5. What/How about the two of us playing games？ 活学活用
1. She can’t help ________ (cry) after _________ (hear) the bad news. 2. Do you feel like _______ (have) a break?
3) 既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try等，但表达的意义不
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同。
e.g. I remember seeing her at the hotel. 我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了) I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生) remember/forget/ regret to do 动作尚未发生 doing动作已经发生 try to do 设法、努力去做，尽力
doing 试试去做（看有何结果） mean to do 打算做（主语一般是人）
doing意味着（主语一般是物）
regret to do 对将要做的事抱歉
doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔
stop to do停下去做另外一件事
doing停止做手头的事情
3. 作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 e.g. Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。
(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例） 时态 一般时 语态 主动语态 被动语态 writing being written having written having been written 完成时 注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing
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动名词的复合结构：
动名词的逻辑主语＋动名词＝动名词的复合结构 Would you mind _____（我开窗户吗）？ Would you mind my / me opening the window? my/ me 称为动名词的逻辑主语。
I can’t understand Jack /Jack’s leaving his wife. I can’t understand his/him leaving his wife. Jack’s/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable. Step 6 Exercises
1. My watch needs ________, but I have no time to go to town to have it _______. A. to repair; repaired B. to be repaired; repairing C. repairing; repaired
D. being repaired; repaired
2. You should apologize to your sister for _____ her the truth. A. telling
B. not telling C. telling not D. not tell
3. ---The light in the office is still on. ---Oh, I forgot ___________ it off. A. turning
B. turn
C. to turn D. having turned
4. Hearing the bad news, the mother couldn’t help ________. A. to cry B. crying C. cry D. cries 5. Our teacher told us to spend some time _______ English every day. A. to practise speaking B. practising speaking C. to practise to speak D. practising to speak
6. It is no use _______ without doing.
A. to promise B. promising C. promise
D. to be promised
Step 7 Homework
Write a short composition about how to learn English.
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Section B 1 (1a-2e)
Step 1 Discussion
Do you have difficulty in learning English? What things are difficult for you?
1a Learning English can be difficult. What things are difficult for you? Read the list. Check (?) the statements that are true for you.
____ I can't pronounce some of the words.
____ I can't always understand spoken English. ____I don't know how to increase my reading speed. ____I can't spell some English words. ____I often make mistakes in grammar. 注解:
1. I can’t always understand spoken English. 【解析】speak →spoke →spoken v.说
【注意】部分动词的过去分词也可做该词的形容词：spoken 口语的 broken 坏掉的written 写作的 2. I don’t know how to increase my reading speed. 【解析】“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语 【注意】what to do后不需要跟宾语
how to do后必须跟宾语
【拓展】“疑问词+动词不定式”结构：
know，what, which, 动词不定式（to do） tell, wonder, when, where, ask, find out, learn+ 1b What other things are difficult for you? Make a list. 1. I don’t know enough words to write well. 2.____________________________________ 3.____________________________________ Step 2 Listening and speaking
1c Paul finds it difficult to learn English. Listen and complete the learning challenges he talks about.
Challenges 1. He can’t get the _____________ right. 2 He ________ a lot of new words. 最新优质教育word文档 3. He can’t always __________ when people talk to him. 4. He doesn’t get much ________ practice. how +
新人教版九年级英语全册精品教案
