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Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·沈阳高三质检)Bikes were invented when people felt the need for stable, fast and efficient vehicles. The idea of making a bike started in the 1790s. It was inspired by a toy.
In 1792, it started off as a two-wheeled part attached to a rigid wooden frame. People would use their feet to move the bike. However, it wasn’t really what people were looking for with a lot of faults. It was a kind of transport highly demanding human energy, and the other problem was the poor stability. The front wheel could not turn so one had to get off the bike to turn it. Therefore, there was a need for it to be improved, but it was not the same person who created it that changed it.
In 1820 the bike yet again had a new twist. Not only could the front wheel turn, but it was made more comfortable as a back supporter was secured. But one still had to move it by pushing it by feet on the ground. If one wanted to ride this bike, which was called a “hobby horse” at that time, he should know how to keep his balance. The other impressive thing that had changed was the speed, which increased up to 15 kilometers per hour.
Ten years later, there came the bike popular even today. This was invented by a blacksmith who used the idea of a pivot(枢轴) to develop the bike. It did not stop there. People were never satisfied with it because times also did change. As other things were being improved, so were the bikes.
Now with everything in place, there is a need to improve on the speed of these bikes. And the idea of it being only human-powered is out of date. Today bikes have been improved and remodeled but the resemblance to the original bikes is still there.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了自行车的历史发展过程及现状。
1．What was one of the problems with the first bicycle? A．It was regarded as a toy. B．It had too many wheels. C．It had to be operated with efforts. D．It was too stable to turn the wheel.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“People would use their feet to move the bike.”和“It was a kind of transport highly demanding human energy”可知，最初的自行车需要费很大的力气才能使它运转，故选C。
2．What can we know about the bike from the text? A．The bike popular with us today appeared in about 1830. B．The bike was invented and improved by the same person. C．The bike made in 1820 had to be moved forward by hand. D．The bike was called a “hobby horse” when it first appeared.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“In 1820 the bike yet again had a new twist.”和第四段第一句“Ten years later, there came the bike popular even today.”可知，至今仍受欢迎的自行车大约出现于1830年。
3．What remains similar in modern bikes compared with those in history? A．The structure. C．The safety.
B．The speed. D．The weight.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Today bikes have been improved and remodeled but the resemblance to the original bikes is still there.”可知，现在的自行车和历史上的自行车在结构上仍然相似。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The Development of Bikes B．The Invention of Bikes C．The Impressions on Bikes D．The Problems with Bikes
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是文中的“The idea of making a bike started in 1790s.” “In 1792” “In 1820” “Ten years later” “Today”等信息点可知，这篇文章主要介绍了自行车的历史发展过程。
【难句分析】 Not only could the front wheel turn, but it was made more comfortable as a back supporter was secured.
分析：本句含有“not only...but(also)．..”句型，意为“不但……而且……”，其中Not only置于句首，其所属的分句要部分倒装。
译文：不但前轮能转动，而且固定了后支架，使其更舒服。
B
(2020·合肥高三质检)Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world. They range from the 1960s Nubian campaign to safeguard Ancient Egyptian monuments from the waters of the Aswan Dam to the removal in 2018 of the Belize Barrier Reef from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Conservation is the core purpose of the World Heritage Convention and it may also be its biggest challenge.
The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development. A year after Vienna was included on the World Heritage List in 2001, the World Heritage Committee(WHC) expressed concerns about the architectural solutions and height of four planned towers of the Wien Mitte project. This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site’s buffer zone, the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale(规模) and visual effects in and around the property(地产). As a result of the Committee’s concerns, Vienna changed its building modes and launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.
The successful practice inspired the government of the city to invite over 600 experts and professionals from 55 countries to an international conference on World Heritage and contemporary architecture, held in Vienna in May 2005. The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development, was recorded in the UNESCO Recommendation in 2011.
The Recommendation put forwards an all-round and combined approach to balancing urban heritage conservation and economic development, arguing that active protection and management of urban heritage supports the goal of sustainable development. The Recommendation supports the harmonious combination of contemporary involvement into the historic urban framework while holding on to values linked to history, memory and the environment.
【解题导语】 本文通过讲述一些具体的例子来倡导对遗产进行有效保护和可持续发展。
5．Why does the author mention the Belize Barrier Reef in paragraph 1? A．To explain the goal of the organization. B．To encourage the public to protect the world.
2021版高考英语(人教版)一轮复习课后达标检测：必修2 1 Unit 1 Cultural relics Word版含答案
